外文資料翻譯--全球工業(yè)的商品產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈分析-其他專業(yè)-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 characterized by highly petitive and globally decentralized factory systems. The panies that develop and sell brandnamed products exert substantial control over how, when, and where manufacturing will take place, and how much profit accrues at each stage of the chain. Thus, whereas producerdriven modity chains are controlled by large manufacturers at the point of production, the main leverage in buyerdriven industries is exercised by retailers and marketers at the distribution and retail end of the chain. The main features of producerdriven and buyerdriven modity chains are highlighted in Table 1. Producerdriven and buyerdriven chains are rooted in distinct industrial sectors, they are led by different types of transnational capital (industrial and mercial, respectively), and they vary in their core petencies (at the firm level) and their entry barriers (at the sectoral level). The finished goods in producerdriven chains tend to be supplied by core country transnationals, while the goods in buyerdriven chains are generally made by locally owned firms in developing countries. Whereas transnational corporations establish investmentbased vertical works, the retailers, designers, and trading panies in buyerdriven chains set up and coordinate tradebased horizontal works. Global Commodity Chains ProducterDriven Commodity Chain BuyerDriven Commodity Chain Drivers of Global modity Industrial Capital Commercial Capital Core Competencies Research amp。 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 外文資料翻譯 1 Institute of Develompment Studies, 1999, 12(2): 18. A Commodity Chains of Framework for Analyzing Global Industries Gary Gereffi Duke University Abstrast : In this paper, we fouce on the producerdriven and buyerdriven global modity chains, which is under the development of industrial and mercial capital. And then analyze their features and the relationship with development strategies. Keywords: Globalization。 1999). A modity chain refers to the whole range of activities involved in the design, production, and marketing of a product (see Gereffi and Korzeniewicz, 1994 for an overview of this framework). Producerdriven modity chains are those in which large, usually transnational, manufacturers play the central roles in coordinating production works (including their backward and forward linkages). This is characteristic of capital and technologyintensive industries such as automobiles, aircraft, puters, semiconductors, and heavy machinery. The automobile industry offers a classic illustration of a producerdriven chain, with multilayered production systems that involve thousands of firms (including parents, subsidiaries, and subcontractors). In the 1980s, the average 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 外文資料翻譯 2 Japanese automaker39。 Marketing Barriiers to Entry Economies of Scale Economies of Scope Economics Sectors Consumer Durables 。 Aircraft Apparel。s domestic markets, not exports. This allowed the local exporters in the East Asian NIEs that pursued exportoriented industrialization (EOI) to gain the lion39。 and 4) looks at anizational learning as one of the critical mechanisms by which firms try to improve or consolidate their positions within the chain. One of the major hypotheses
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