【正文】 s the estimates of the initial capital expenditure and operational cost which are scored according to the cost ranges they fall in. As it is the initial stage of the project development, it is impossible to give a very accurate cost estimate without detailed design information. The quantity surveyor can only give a cost range for each option. The 10 main executives from the retailer, professional。 the design of buildings should practically reduce the life cycle costs and improve the sustainability of the buildings. Life cycle assessment is the best tool to bine both the longterm environmental and the economical evaluations of building designs. Tukker [12] claimed that life cycle assessment is a generic environmental evaluation framework. It should be pointed out that life cycle assessment also includes economic and risk evaluations in analysis. The key economic analysis is life cycle costing, which is a technique to estimate the overall costs of design options during the economic life of the building. In order to pare the longterm economic performance of the design options, life cycle costing should be included in strategic designs because the economic concerns drives the decision makers may be sometimes more than the other concerns. There are many cost models that have been developed to estimate life cycle costs such as NHS hospital buildings [13], running cost for building element [14], and noise barrier wall selection [15]. As a powerful environmental assessment tool, life cycle assessment has been widely used in many areas such as solar PV system [16], municipal solid waste management system [17] and chemicals [18].The advantages and disadvantages of those sustainable design tools are listed in Table 1. The life cycle assessment tool can evaluate unlimited sustainable design options and also include the Table 1 The advantages and disadvantages of some main sustainable assessment tools. Assessment tools Advantages Disadvantages BREEAM Covers a wide range of design aspects Serves the UK public nonmercial buildings. Limited sustainable design options Code for sustainable homes Higher standard requirements on energy efficiency. Request zero carbon for new houses on level 6 Limits to residential projects only. Limited sustainable design options LEEDs Covers various types of buildings Exclude waste management. Limited sustainable design options WRAP recycle content tool Building breaking down into ponents in order to select the high recycle content building materials for projects. Suitable for all types of buildings Focuses on only the recycle content aspect of sustainable design. Limited sustainable design options IPCC Includes new considerations such as industry, agriculture and forestry, etc. Just a general guidance for sustainable design. Limited sustainable design options Life cycle assessment tool Combines the longterm environmental and the economical evaluations. It can include as many design criteria and options as required into assessment process Requests a range of expertise and time consuming. 1416 N. Wang et al. / Building and Environment 45 (2021) 1415–1421 economical evaluation into the assessment. Although it appears great advantages but it is rarely used in practice because it is deemed as time consuming and requires a wide range of expertise such as engineers, quantity surveyors. A case study on a live project is necessary in order to test the effectiveness of the lifecycle assessment tool and the impact of the result on the decision makers in practice. The various design criteria are evaluated by different parties and should be integrated to a single measurement to rank the design options, therefore the multicriteria decision making tool should be introduced in the life cycle assessment. There are various multicriteria decision making tools. The directweighting method is good for unsophisticated decision making [19]. It is one of the best known and widely used traditional methods for multicriteria decisionmaking issues [19]. The principal assumption of direct weighting is that the criteria are preferentially independent。 use of forestry products for bioenergy to replace fossil fuel use. 7. Wastedlandfill methane recovery。 reforestation。 improved rice cultivation techniques and livestock and manure management to reduce CH4 emissions。 heat and power recovery。 more efficient electrical appliances and heating and cooling devices。 bio fuels。 nuclear power。這僅僅是一個新的研究領域的初始階段，它是建議未來研究討論根據本研究對其他決策工具能適用。 生命周期評估工具，迅速確定 “十大 ”可以迅速集成和成本效益到目前的設計和施工過程零售商的旗艦店優(yōu)先選項。 為了減少主體模型，靈敏度進行了分析以檢驗模型的變化對結果因素影響，模型指標權重的價值被分配不同的價值從改變 5:1:1:1 其他三個情景 4:2:2:2， 4:1:1:2 和 6:2:2:1， “相應的變化對公式（ 2）： ? ?? ?? ?522642432224rOCCCWfrOCCCWfrOCCCwfSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS???????????? 頂端 42 選項中由公式得出的排名訂單（ 3） （ 5）被證明是得到結果相同公式（ 1）， （重要輸入因素的變化該模型權重）沒有最終產生重大影響結果。 以前的決策方法， 重點對初始資本成本和建筑設計對環(huán)境的影響因此只能以較低的資本成本設計選項。 11 設置管理審查期間評估成功措施實施 12 12 存在探測器照明 12 13 維護時間表 12 14 使用綠色指南以規(guī)范 11 15 使用建設生態(tài)標簽 11 16 發(fā)布存儲操作手冊 11 17 被動設計 11 18 首選供應商的原則 11 19 號樓的可持續(xù)性績效儀表板 10 20 劃的接線 10 21 進行持續(xù)監(jiān)測 跟蹤選定指標一旦變化衡量改善 10 22 微調 10 23 森林管理委員會（ FSC）認證的木材 10 24 監(jiān)視器能源，水和廢物 9 25 可生物降解的清潔劑 9 26 常規(guī)范的方法用于測量環(huán)境性能指標 9 27 標準化的預制組件 8 28 監(jiān)控施工現場廢物 8 29 現場廢物流隔離 8 30 再生紙內容 8 31 天氣補償恒溫 8 32 綠色電源供應合同 8 33 號樓用戶教育 8 34 提高認識關于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的 7 35 網站廢物管理計劃 7 36 個公廁存在探測器 7 37 家零售商的商店作為學習資源 7 38 指定為主要建筑構件 7 絕緣性能 39 靈活性和耐用性 7 40 節(jié)水配件 7 41 展示綠色建筑功能，公共 6 42 帳戶不良熱得失 6 ．結果分析 一些額外的研討會已經舉行，而從業(yè)者收集反饋的研究，零售商的行政長官邀請以評估從輸出零售商的全球設計生命周期評估工具可持續(xù)發(fā)展的設計戰(zhàn)略，對于每可持續(xù)發(fā)展的設計方案，在排名基于對長期經濟和環(huán)境影響的可行性，并選擇風險提交從業(yè)人員。根據總決賽分 數在所有的選擇中產生最后一個等級。計劃提供工料測量師和規(guī)范性文件旗艦店估計生產成本頻段基礎。高水平成本估計是由專業(yè)工程師和數量驗船師產生。主持人介紹每個選項的性質，研討會的與會者記錄了他們的意見使用的基于優(yōu)先矩陣，有效地評估他們的總偏好選項。設計方案由零售商的決策者提出，他們也引導的選擇加權評價，寧可按照排名系統來平衡可行性和環(huán)境效益。決策者可以選擇最佳作為他們的最合適的設計方案，在長期可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略實踐。 rOCCCWf SSSSS ????? 5 (2) 設