【正文】 s. This means that the designer can not take advantage of suppliers? or contractors? knowledge of build ability or maintenance requirements and the impact these have on sustainability, the total cost of ownership or health and safety . This risk analysis was able to facilitate, through its multidimensional approach to a critical examination of a construction problem, the identification of an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects. This work also served to emphasize the point that clients are being more demanding, more discerning, and less willing to accept risk without repense. They do not want surprises, and are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong. References [1]Madan , “Project Management: One Step Beyond”[M], Civli Engineering, October 1996, pp6768 [2]Matthys Levy and Mario Salvadori, Why Buildings Fall Down, New York:[J] , 1992 [3]Louis Berger, “Emerging Role of Management in Civil Engineering[M], Journal of Management in Engineering, , , July 1996 [4] Hagerty D J, Peck R B. H eave and Lateral Movements Du e to Pile Driving [J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 1997 畢業(yè)設計（論文）外 文文獻翻譯 6 國際建設工程風險分析 保羅 斯坦福 庫帕庫娃娜 工程造價卷 第五十一期 2021 年 9 月 9 日 摘要： 此次分析用實例研究方法分析津巴布韋標準協(xié)會總部（ SAZ）的屋頂部分坍塌的問題。 obtain a bonded guaranteed maximum price。 Risk Analysis of the International Construction Project By: Paul Stanford Kupakuwana Cost Engineering Vol. 51/No. 9 September 2021 ABSTRACT ： This analysis used a case study methodology to analyse the issues surrounding the partial collapse of the roof of a building housing the headquarters of the Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ). In particular, it examined the prior roles played by the team of construction professionals. The analysis revealed that the SAZ?s traditional construction project was generally characterized by high risk. There was a clear indication of the failure of a contractor and architects in preventing and/or mitigating potential construction problems as alleged by the plaintiff. It was reasonable to conclude that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It appeared justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects. The risk analysis facilitated, through its multidimensional approach to a critical examination of a construction problem, the identification of an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects. It further served to emphasize the point that clients are being more demanding, more discerning, and less willing to accept risk without repense. Clients do not want surprise, and are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong. KEY WORDS: Arbitration, claims, construction, contracts, litigation, project and risk The structural design of the reinforced concrete elements was done by consulting engineers Knight Presold (KP). Quantity surveying services were provided by Hawkins, Leshnick amp。 centralize responsibility for construction under a single contract。 and reduce risk for the client, the architect and the CM. 畢業(yè)設計（論文）外 文文獻翻譯 4 CM at Risk, a more professional approach to construction, is taking its place along with designb