【正文】 making. So if I39。s team estimates that following the rules could result in as much as a 17 percent reduction in land use, a 21 percent reduction in nutrient pollution, and a 25 percent drop in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Cutting down on how much food we waste—which is roughly a third in the US—could help even more. The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that. So that39。 You know those nutrition guidelines the government issues every few years? It turns out that following them isn39。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。 （4）考查主旨大意。故選D。根據(jù)第一段中的“By the age of one, they can recognize the significant noises around them and group them into a language.”可知一歲的嬰兒和成人相比更能識(shí)別出周圍的重要聲音，故選D。language consists of sound and meaning【答案】 （1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，人們一直以來認(rèn)為語言是思想的產(chǎn)物，但是有新的研究表明飲食對(duì)于語言也會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些影響。. A.enjoying more cooked foodsB.D.B.classify the forms of noisesC. Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech must bine sound and meaning, and the meaning can39。 Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齒音)－those such as f and v－that are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (輔音) are much more mon. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f e to take the place of p. Romans said pater but English speakers (unless they39。d rather think of language as product of our thought Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it bees enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noises－the phonemes (音素) of a language－each cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages. 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。第一段提出文章的主旨即“每個(gè)狗的主人都知道他們的狗狗能很好地讀懂他們的情緒，但科學(xué)家們一直有點(diǎn)懷疑。 （3）考查推理判斷。故選D。s happy or angry faces.（2）The underlined word trepidation in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. and hesitation and eagerness and happiness and sadness（3）According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners ________. fond of the male faces uninterested in telling the emotions on the entire faces difficulty telling the moods on the faces of males only recognize emotions of females（4）What is the best title for this passage? Changes Influence Dogs Identify the Moods and Their Owners39。 They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly. However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the puter game That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was pleted. 從而可以推斷出，千足蟲是擁有多種防御機(jī)制的物種。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)根據(jù)The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nicknamed as stink bird.D.releasing substance to make predators unable to smell itD. Researchers using lobsters (2f) as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don39。 The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it39。s the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the stink bird Hoatzin (磨雉)t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won39。 Opossum (負(fù)鼠) Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomitedon dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quicklyand the vomit can hurt the aggressor39。根據(jù)最后一段中的“…At the current rate, the world39。故選C。根據(jù)第二段中的“Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light.”可知，科學(xué)家著急趕去世界最大的冰山是為了在其受到光照影響之前研究這座冰山下面的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D.It will disappear in a very short time.D.The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D.To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctic