機(jī)械設(shè)計的制造技術(shù)(文件)
【正文】 ontamination．Noise is as an indicator of bearing quality．Various noise grades have been developed to classify bearing performance capabilities．Noise analysis is done with an Anderonmeter, which is used for quality control in bearing production and also when failed bearings are returned for transducer is attached to the outer ring and the inner race is turned at 1,800rpm on an air is measured in andirons, which represent ball displacement in μm/ experience, inspectors can identify the smallest flaw from their , for example, makes an irregular scratches make a consistent popping and are the most difficult to damage is normally a constant highpitched noise, while a damaged outer race makes an intermittent sound as it defects are further identified by their , defects are separated into low, medium, and high are also referenced to the number of irregularities per revolution.事后的調(diào)查分析提供出寶貴的信息時，最好首先通過正確地選定軸承來完全避免失效的發(fā)生。軸承失效的原因大約40%的球軸承故障是由污染引起的灰塵、污垢,刨花和腐蝕。只要使用和安裝合理，軸承的剝蝕是容易避免的。軸承圈上的壓坑還會產(chǎn)生噪聲、振動和附加扭矩。此外，低荷振蝕產(chǎn)生的碎屑的作用就象磨粒一樣，會進(jìn)一步損害軸承。另外，不同的潤滑劑的噪聲特性也不一樣。保持架的尺寸誤差和軸承圈與滾珠的偏心都會引起NRR。同樣，機(jī)床主軸只能容許最小的振擺，以保證切削精度。一旦軸承受到污染，潤滑劑就要變質(zhì)，運(yùn)行噪聲也隨之變大。噪聲是反映軸承質(zhì)量的一個指標(biāo)。測量噪聲的單位為anderon。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，觀察者可以根據(jù)聲音辨別出微小的缺陷。噪聲的分析是用安德遜計進(jìn)行的，該儀器在軸承生產(chǎn)中可用來控制質(zhì)量，也可對失效的軸承進(jìn)行分析。當(dāng)污染物處于滾珠和軸承圈之間時，其作用和金屬表面之間的磨粒一樣，會使軸承磨損。在許多工業(yè)產(chǎn)品中，污染是不可避免的，因此常用密封或遮護(hù)裝置來保護(hù)軸承，使其免受灰塵或臟物的侵蝕。在工業(yè)中一般是根據(jù)具體的應(yīng)用來選擇不同類型和精度等級的軸承。因此，要根據(jù)不同的用途來選用潤滑劑。扭矩要求是由潤滑劑、保持架、軸承圈質(zhì)量（彎曲部分的圓度和表面加工質(zhì)量）以及是否使用密封或遮護(hù)裝置來決定。這種破壞稱為低荷振蝕。剝蝕通常是在載荷超過材料屈服極限時發(fā)生的。由環(huán)境和污染所產(chǎn)生的軸承失效是可以預(yù)防的，而且通過簡單的肉眼觀察是可以確定產(chǎn)生這類失效的原因。同樣重要的是噪聲的研究要求,轉(zhuǎn)矩,跳動,以及可能的暴露于污染物,敵對的液體,和極端溫度。s harsh working conditions can lead to the failure of bearing, but if you follow some simple rules, opportunities for normal operation of the bearing can be the using process of bearing,extreme neglect in a bearing leads to overheating and possibly seizure or, at worst, an even a failed bearing leaves clues as to what went a little detective work, action can be taken to avoid a repeat of the reasons for bearing failure, but mon is incorrect use of improper use, pollution, lubricants, loading and unloading or handling damage and installation error, problem is often not difficult to diagnose, because of a failed bearing usually leaving the slightest trace what went ，while a postmortem yields good information，it is better to avoid the process altogether by specifying the bearing correctly in The first place．To do this，it is useful to review the manufacturers sizing guidelines and operating characteristics for the selected important is the research requirement of noise, torque, beating, and possible exposure to pollutants, hostile liquid, and extreme can provide further clues bearing is suitable for this failure reasonenvironmental a light preload on the bearing helps keep the balls a
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