【正文】 、鐵路車(chē)站、碼頭等。⑤污染：干線不要穿過(guò)城區(qū)，遠(yuǎn)離重要文物古跡等。從人為因素考慮，歸納如下：①合理布局交通網(wǎng)——分配交通線上的客貨運(yùn)量，獲取最大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。從自然因素考慮歸納如下：①地形：地勢(shì)平坦，對(duì)交通線的選擇限制少；地形起伏大，鐵路多要筑洞架橋；工程難度大，公路、管道需沿等高線延伸，延長(zhǎng)里程；河流湍急，不利航行；但對(duì)航空影響小。河流：河流對(duì)城市區(qū)位的影響主要體現(xiàn)在供水和運(yùn)輸功能上。因?yàn)槠皆貐^(qū)地形平坦，土壤肥沃，便于農(nóng)耕，且有利于交通聯(lián)系和節(jié)省建筑投資，是人口集中分布地區(qū)，也是城市發(fā)育的理想環(huán)境。上海工業(yè)的發(fā)展有悠久的歷史，是我國(guó)沿海地區(qū)老工業(yè)基地，知識(shí)技術(shù)密集，高等教育、科學(xué)技術(shù)都很發(fā)達(dá)，能為我國(guó)生產(chǎn)高、精、尖、新的產(chǎn)品，為全國(guó)鋼鐵企業(yè)培養(yǎng)和輸送高級(jí)技術(shù)和管理人才。上海市是全國(guó)最大的綜合性工業(yè)基地，上海所在的長(zhǎng)江三角洲工業(yè)區(qū)又是我國(guó)最大的綜合性工業(yè)區(qū)，各種工業(yè)的發(fā)展需要消耗大量鋼鐵，建立鋼鐵企業(yè)，可以就地消費(fèi)，減少運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用，降低成本。例2：上海建立大型鋼鐵企業(yè)的有利條件是什么？海南為何目前仍沒(méi)有建立鋼鐵企業(yè)？上海無(wú)煤無(wú)鐵，缺乏原料、燃料，它之所以能發(fā)展鋼鐵工業(yè)具有以下有利條件： ①位置優(yōu)越，交通便利。注：①原料地對(duì)工廠區(qū)位的影響逐漸減弱(原因是工業(yè)所用原料的范圍越來(lái)越廣，可替代原料越來(lái)越多，加上交通運(yùn)輸條件的改善)；②市場(chǎng)對(duì)工廠區(qū)位的影響在逐漸加強(qiáng)；③沿海、沿江港口、鐵路樞紐、高速公路沿線地區(qū)，對(duì)工業(yè)具有很大的吸引力； ④信息通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的通達(dá)性越來(lái)越重要； ⑤勞動(dòng)力素質(zhì)對(duì)工業(yè)區(qū)位的影響在逐漸加強(qiáng)。（二）經(jīng)濟(jì)因素：農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)、原料、燃料、市場(chǎng)、交通、勞動(dòng)力、技術(shù)。政策勞動(dòng)力科技工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)十四、如何分析某一作物生長(zhǎng)的氣候條件：《高考地理答題思路》第3頁(yè)共9頁(yè)從有利條件和不利條件兩個(gè)方面去分析；從光照、熱量、降水、晝夜溫差、氣象災(zāi)害等方面去分析；從春、夏、秋、冬個(gè)季節(jié)的氣候條件分段分析。市場(chǎng)區(qū)位及需求的變化，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位的影響最為突出。因此，開(kāi)鑿隧道要選擇在背斜處，因?yàn)楸承睅r層向上拱起，地下水向兩側(cè)滲流，不容易發(fā)生滲漏問(wèn)題；并且，背斜為穹形構(gòu)造，不易塌方。九、影響山地垂直帶譜的因素：一是山地所處的緯度(緯度越高帶譜越簡(jiǎn)單)；二是山地的海拔(海拔越高，帶譜可能越復(fù)雜)。（三）解決缺水問(wèn)題的措施：主要從開(kāi)源和節(jié)流兩個(gè)方面入手：保護(hù)有限的水資源，防止水污染；開(kāi)發(fā)水資源，提高供水能力；加強(qiáng)用水管理，增強(qiáng)節(jié)水意識(shí)，提高用水效率，控制需水量的增長(zhǎng)；控制人口增長(zhǎng)。七、分析河流水能豐富的原因：主要從兩個(gè)方面分析：一是流速(位于階梯過(guò)渡地帶，河流落差大)；二是徑流量大(看降水量的多少、流域面積的大小、蒸發(fā)量的大小)。水文特征：流經(jīng)濕潤(rùn)地區(qū)，降水豐沛，干流汛期長(zhǎng)，水量大。四、影響氣溫年較差的因素及變化規(guī)律：緯度：低緯小，高緯大；下墊面性質(zhì)：海洋小于陸地，沿海小于內(nèi)陸，有植被的小于裸地；天氣狀況：云雨多的地方小于云雨少的地方。 answer to this problem involves many phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that…… factors that contribute to this situation include…… change in ……largely results from the fact that…… may blame ……，but the real causes are…… of the explanations for it is that …… of the most mon factors（causes）is that …… contributing factor（cause）is …… the primary factor is that … the fundamental cause is that ……二）比較 advantage far outweigh the advantages of A are much greater than those of may be preferable to B，but A suffers from the disadvantages that…… is reasonable to maintain that ……but it would be foolish to claim that…… all the disadvantages，it has its pensating anything else，it has its and B has several points in bears some resemblances to ，the same is not applicable to and B differ in several ，it has both negative and positive used to think ……，but things are different same is true of as A is，it has its is true that A ……，but the chief faults（obvious defects）are ……三）批駁1）It is true that ……，but one vital point is being left ）There is a grain of truth in these statements，but they ignore a more important ）Some people say ……，but it does not hold ）Many of us have been under the illusion that……R5）A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement ）It makes no sense to argue for ……7）Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……8）Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……9）Contrary to what is widely accepted，I maintain that ……四）后果 may give rise to a host of immediate result it produces is …… will exercise a profound influence upon…… consequence can be so great that……五）舉例1）A good case in point is ……2）As an illustration，we may take ……3）Such examples might be given ）……is often cited as an ）證明1）No one can deny the fact that ……2）The idea is hardly supported by ）Unfortunately，none of the available data shows ……4）Recent studies indicate that ……5）There is sufficient evidence to show that ……6）According to statistics proved by ……，it can be seen that ……七）開(kāi)篇1）Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……2）Recently the problem has been brought into ）Recently the phenomenon has bee a heated ）Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……5）Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……6）Never in our history has the idea that …… been so ）Faced with ……，quite a few people argue that ……8）According to a recent survey，……9）With the rapid development of ……，……八）結(jié)尾1）From what has been discussed above，we can draw the conclusion that ……2）It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……3）It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……4）In conclusion，