【正文】 of happiness（.…我們秉承歷史賦予的寶貴權利，秉承那種代代相傳的高尚理念：上帝賦予我們每個人以平等和自由，以及每個人盡全力去追求幸福的機會。在這篇看似平凡的演講中，奧巴馬使用了不平凡的修辭手段來增強演講的效果。但實踐證明，這樣的劃分失之粗率。演講者通過宣傳某種思想，讓聽眾理解和接受自己的觀點和主張，進而號召聽眾采取一致的行動。美國總統(tǒng)的就職演說是一種在特定場合下的演說。各大媒體的調查表明，大多數美國民眾對奧巴馬的就職演說感到滿意和非常滿意。頭韻的修辭作用是增強語言的節(jié)奏感，使語言產生音樂般的美感。jobs shed。這些詞往往來自于拉丁語，希臘語或法語，或者有著復雜的內部結構。演講者往往使用形容詞來對某些言行進行繪聲繪色的描述，以此表達自己的主觀傾向，渲染感情色彩。美國總統(tǒng)的就職演說為了使語言表達更為準確、具體、鮮明、生動、有力，常常會使用明喻、隱喻、擬人、夸張、借代等詞匯修辭格幫助聽眾加深對事物的理解，加強演講的現場氣氛，提高演講效果。）2）They saw America as bigger than the sum ofour individual ambitions.（在他們看來，美國的強盛要比個人的雄心壯志重大得多.)（2）隱喻（Metaphor）：不用like或as的隱藏的比喻。1）We remain a young nation,but in the wordsof Scripture,the time has e to set aside childishthings.(美國仍是一個年輕的國家，借用圣經的話說，放棄幼稚的時代已經到來了。)（5）借代或稱轉喻（Metonymy）：不相類似的甲乙之間有著不可分離的關系，利用這種關系以乙事物的名稱來代替甲事物。用―風暴‖代表―困難和危險‖。）2）For us,they packed up their few worldlypossessions and travelled across oceans in search of anew us,they toiled in sweatshops and settledthe west。1）So it has it must be with thisgeneration of Americans.(前輩們如此。)（3）對偶（Antithesis）：工整勻稱的并列結構，常把字數、結構相同或相近，意義彼此相關的兩個詞或并列結構對稱地排列在一起，是表示對比關系的有效手段。)（4）倒裝（Inversion）：謂語置于主語之前，詞序不同于正常語序的語法修辭手段，達到強調句子中某一成分的目的。)2）…the father of our nation ordered these words198be read to the people:―Let it be told to the futureworld…that in the depth of winter,when nothing buthope and virtue could survive…that the city and thecountry，alarmed at one mon danger,came forth tomeet(it).‖(我們的國父們這樣說：―我們要讓未來的世界知道…在深冬的嚴寒里，唯有希望和勇氣才能讓我們存活下去…面對共同的危險時，我們的城市和國家要敢于上前去面對。他使用了音韻修辭格、詞匯修辭格和句法修辭格等多種修辭手段為演講增添色彩，本文例舉的數十處例句是其主要的修辭手段，但還有一些修辭詞句沒有列舉出來。businesses health care is too costly。to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the Godgiven promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a must be journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for has not been the path for the faintheartedsome celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West。on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing hearteven greater cooperation and understanding between will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hardearned peace in old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming will not apologize for our wayof life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken。nor can we consume the world’s resources without regard to the world has changed, and we must change with we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol faroff deserts and distant have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service。but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow。Normandy and Khe and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions。and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our landthey will be this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and this day, we e to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has e to set aside childish time has e to reaffirm our enduring spirit。參考文獻[1][M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,2000:1201.[2][M].長沙:中南大學出版社,2006:96106.[3]Richards,.,[M].北京:外語教學與研究出版社,2002:16.[4]Thornborrow,J..Patterns in Language:Stylistics for Studentsof language and Literature[M].Routledge,1998:393.[5][J].西南民族大學學報(人文社科版),2004,(6):407410.[6]王佐良,[M].北京:外語教學與研究出版社,1987:122.(責任編輯：董雅潔)第三篇：奧巴馬就職演說全文奧巴馬就職演說全文(中英文版)奧巴馬手按林肯當年用《圣經》宣誓就任美總統(tǒng)Barack Obama’s Inaugural AddressMy fellow citizens:I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this Americans have now taken the presidential words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of , every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding it has it must be with this generation of we are in the midst of crisis is now well nation is at war, against a farreaching network of violence and economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new have been lost。整篇演說詞樸實無華，極少使用堂皇之詞，這與奧巴馬的平民、律師、美國首位黑人總統(tǒng)的身份是相符的，使得他的演說更容易被普羅大眾所接受。）2）We will not apologize for our way of life,norwill we waver in its defense…（我們不會為我們的生活方式感到抱歉，也不會動搖地捍衛(wèi)我們的生活方式…）（5）引經據典（Allusion）：引用《圣經》的格言和美國國父們的治國理念及教導，使聽眾更容易理解和接受。哪個方案的答案是否定的，我們就選擇終止。