【正文】
and making it appropriate only for limitedprecision controlled in this manner move at slow speeds with unnecessary significant performance gain in this and other areas of robot arm control require the consideration of more efficient dynamic models, sophisticated control approaches, and the use of dedicated puter architectures and parallel processing the industrial production and other fields, people often endangered by such factors as high temperature, corrode, poisonous gas and so forth at work, which have increased labor intensity and even jeopardized the life corresponding problems are solved since the robot arm es arms can catch, put and carry objects, and its movements are flexible and applies to medium and smallscale automated production in which production varieties can be it is widely used on soft automatic robot arms are generally made by withstand high temperatures, resist corrosion of materials to adapt to the harsh they reduced the labor intensity of the workers significantly and raised work robot arm is an important ponent of industrial robot, and it can be called industrial robots on many robot is set machinery, electronics, control, puters, sensors, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies in the integration of multidisciplinary important modern manufacturing using industrial robots, not only can improve product quality and production, but also is of great significance for physical security protection, improvement of the environment for labor, reducing labor intensity, improvement of labor productivity, raw material consumption savings and lowering production are such mechanical ponents as ball footbridge, slides, air control mechanical hand and so on in the programmable controller, a programming device, stepping motors, stepping motors drives, direct current motors, sensors, switch power supply, an electromagnetism valve and control desk are used in electrical is the automated production of a kind used in the process of crawling and moving piece features automatic device, which is mechanized and automated production process developed a new type of recent years, as electronic technology, especially puter extensive use of robot development and production of hightech fields has bee a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the bination of mechanization and can replace humans pleted the risk of duplication of boring work, to reduce human labor intensity and improve labor has been applied more and more widely, in the machinery industry, it can be used for parts assembly, work piece handling, loading and unloading, particularly in the automation of CNC machine tools, modular machine tools more monly present, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manufacturing systems and flexible manufacturing cell in an important ponent of the machine tool equipment and machinery in hand together constitute a flexible manufacturing system or a flexible manufacturing cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume production, you can save a huge amount of the work piece conveyor device, pact, and the work piece changes, flexible production system is very easy to change will help enterprises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve product quality, and better adapt to market present, China39。傳給機器人系統(tǒng)的動力源有兩種,一種是用于控制器的交流電,另一種是用于驅(qū)動機械手各軸的動力源,例如,如果機器人的機械手是有液壓和氣動驅(qū)動的,控制信號便傳送到這些裝置中,驅(qū)動機器人運動。存儲器。這些微處理器可以是 8 位,16 位或 32 位處理器。當該加工循環(huán)完成后,輸入端接通,告訴控制器定位機械手以便能抓取已加工工件,隨后,機械手抓取一未加工件,將其放置在機床上。用戶可通過手持的示教盒將機械手運動的程序編入控制器。有鏈、齒輪和滾珠絲杠組成的機械傳動鏈驅(qū)動著機器人的各軸。工作單元的范圍也必須相應(yīng)增加。這些軸連在一個安裝基座上,然后再連到托架上,托架確保機械手停留在某一位置。 機械手做機器人系統(tǒng)中粗重工作,它包括兩個部分:機構(gòu)和附件,機械手也有聯(lián)接附件基座,圖 1 表示了一機器人基座與附件之間的聯(lián)接情況。機器人系統(tǒng)還可以控制機器人的工作單元,工作單元是機器人執(zhí)行任務(wù)所處的整體環(huán)境,包括控制器、機械手、工作平臺、安全保護裝置或者傳輸裝置。機械手上機器人的手臂,它使機器人能彎曲、延伸、和旋轉(zhuǎn),提供這些運動的是機器手的軸,亦是所謂的機器人的自由度。預(yù)編程位置點是機器人為完成工作而必須跟蹤的軌跡。這些任務(wù)可以是焊接、密封、機器裝料、拆卸以及裝配工作。工業(yè)機器人亦能工作在裝配線上將小元件裝配到一起,如將電子元件安裝在電路印刷板,這樣,工人就能從這項乏味的常規(guī)工作中解放出來。氣壓系統(tǒng)使用可以直接排到周圍環(huán)境中的空氣,一般來說氣壓系統(tǒng)沒有液體系統(tǒng)昂貴。由于來自大氣中的空氣含不同數(shù)量的水分,這些水分是有害的,它可以帶走潤滑劑引起的過分磨損和腐蝕,因此,在一些使用場合中,要用空氣干燥器來除去這些有還的水分。壓縮機基本上是根據(jù)理想氣體法則,通過減小氣體體積來增加氣體壓力的。液壓系統(tǒng)也有缺點,液壓油有污染,并且泄露不可能完全避免,另外如果油液滲漏發(fā)生在灼熱設(shè)備附近,大多數(shù)液壓油能引起火災(zāi)。因為轉(zhuǎn)向部件是全液壓的,沒有方向節(jié)、軸承、減速齒輪等機械連接,使得系統(tǒng)簡單緊湊。只有液壓系統(tǒng)能提供不隨速度變化而變化的恒力或恒扭矩,他可以驅(qū)動對象從每小時移動幾英寸到每分鐘幾百英寸,從每小時幾轉(zhuǎn)到每分鐘幾千轉(zhuǎn)。液壓動力之所以成為自動化的組成部分,是因為它有如下主要的特點:通過一個簡單的操作桿和按扭,液壓系統(tǒng)的操作者便能立即起動,停止、加減速和能提供任意功率、位置精度為萬分之一英寸的位置控制力。液壓系統(tǒng)成功而又廣泛使用的秘密在于它的通用性和易操作性。聯(lián)接件:聯(lián)接各個系統(tǒng)部件,為壓力流體提供功率傳輸通路,將液體返回油箱(貯油器)。閥:控制泵產(chǎn)生流體的運動方向、產(chǎn)生的功率的大小,以及到達執(zhí)行部件流體的流量。重要的是了解各種方法的顯著特征。傳給機器人系統(tǒng)的動力源有兩種,一種是用于控制器的交流電,另一種是用于驅(qū)動機械手各軸的動力源,例如,如果機器人的機械手是有液壓和氣壓驅(qū)動的,控制信號便傳送到這些裝置中,驅(qū)動機器人運動。存儲器。這些微處理器可以是8位、16位或32位處理器。當該加工循環(huán)完成后,輸入端接通,告訴控制器定位機械手以便能抓取已加工工件,隨后,機械手抓取一未加工件,將其放置在機床上。用戶可通過手持的示教盒將機械手運動的程序編入控制器。由鏈、齒輪和滾珠絲杠組成的機械傳動鏈驅(qū)動著機器人的各軸。機械手的軸使機械手在某一區(qū)域內(nèi)執(zhí)行任務(wù),我們將這個區(qū)域為機器人的工作單元,該區(qū)域的大小與機械手的尺寸相對應(yīng),圖212列舉了一個典型裝配機器人的工作單元。正如前面所提到的那樣,附件從機器人基座上延伸出來,附件就是機器人的手臂,它可以是直動型,也可以是軸節(jié)型手臂,軸節(jié)型手臂也是大家所知的關(guān)節(jié)型手臂。另外,來自外設(shè)的信號與機器人通訊,通知機器人何時裝配工件、取工件或放工件到傳輸裝置上。,但它們是安裝在機器人手臂末端的附件。這些預(yù)編程點貯存在機器人的貯存器中,并為后續(xù)的連續(xù)操作所調(diào)用,而且這些預(yù)編程點想其他程序數(shù)據(jù)一樣,可在日后隨工作需要而變化。如下敘述的是機器人系統(tǒng)基本術(shù)語:、多功能的機械手,通過給要完成的不同任務(wù)編制各種動作,它可以移動零件、材料、工具以及特殊裝置。機器人可以認為是將手臂末端的工具、傳感器和(或)手爪移到程序指定位置的一種機器。我們相信不會出現(xiàn)“機器人上崗,工人下崗”的局面,因為人們隨著社會的發(fā)展,實際上把人們從繁重的體力和危險的環(huán)境中解放出來,使人們有更好的崗位去工作,去創(chuàng)造更好的精神財富和文化財富。在德國一些大學里面,面向人的脊椎,如腰間盤突出這種病,進行識別以后,能夠自動地用機器人來輔助進行定位,進行操作和手術(shù)。它對周邊的環(huán)境進行識別,來判斷它的運動,完成某種工作,這是服務(wù)機器人的基本的一個特點??傮w情況看,日本在工業(yè)機器人這一塊,是首位的,成為機器人的王國,美國發(fā)展也很迅速,目前在新安裝的臺數(shù)方面,已經(jīng)超過了日本,中國剛開始進入產(chǎn)業(yè)化的階段,已經(jīng)研制出多種工業(yè)機器人樣機,已有小批量在生產(chǎn)中使用。抓一個雞蛋,它能通過一個觸覺,知道它的力的大小和滑動的情況。friendly coexistence can be a reliable future, we will see and there will be a robot space inside, as a mutual aide and will create the jobs believe that there would not be a “robot appointment of workers being laid off” situation, because people with the development of society, In fact the people from the heavy physical and dangerous environment liberated, so that people have a better position to work, to create a better spiritual wealth and cultural :機器人首先我介紹一下機器人產(chǎn)生的背景,機器人技術(shù)的發(fā)展,它應(yīng)該說是一個科學技術(shù)發(fā)展共同的一個綜合性的結(jié)果,同時,為社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了一個重大影響的一門科學技術(shù)