人機(jī)工程與綠色設(shè)計(jì)(文件)
【正文】 al considerations *Systems Thinking ? Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique for tracing out all the environmental effects and resource needs of a new product or process through the material suppliers, through manufacture, use and disposal ? Material Flows and Cycles is a technique for tracing material use and location over time. In tracing materials flows, it is important to be clear about the boundaries of analysis and the uncertainty of mass measurements. *Sustainable Product Design ? Five factors have been identified for perfect sustainable product design. ? Cyclic ? Solar ? Safe ? Efficient ? Social Minimising Waste Production ? Waste is lost profit. ? The four r’s can help reduce waste. ? Reduce ? Reuse ? Recycle ? Recover Reduce ? Reduce the amount of materials used for the product. ? Reduce the amount of materials used for the packaging. ? Can be done by using: ? Lighter weight of materials ? Only one type of packaging material ? Packaging fits around the product Reuse ? Reusing containers stops need for: ? New packaging ? Recycling (as it costs money) ? Collection (as it costs money) ? Washing and refilling should be less than that of producing a new container. Recycle ? Designers must consider design for recycling and the product’s life cycle. ? Components should be recycled and recyclable. Recover ? When a product is discarded and put into a landfill site energy is lost. ? This energy can be recovered through incineration in specialised power stations. Green Design Methods and Tools ? Mass balance analysis ? Green Indices ? Design for disassembly and recycling aids ? Risk analysis ? Material selection and label advisors ? Full cost accounting methodologies Responsibilities of the Designer ? What are some of the moral and social responsibilities of designers in relation to green design issues? ? Consider issues relating to: ? waste ? Pollution ? Resources ? market forces ? wealth creation. 為良善人生而設(shè)計(jì)，用良善設(shè)計(jì)服務(wù)于大眾人生。s methods in the early 1900s to develop Time and Motion Studies. They aimed to improve efficiency by eliminating unnecessary steps and actions which increase the bricklayer’s productivity from 120 to 350 bricks per hour. ? World War II marked the development of new and plex machines and weaponry, It was observed that fully functional aircraft, flown by the besttrained pilots, still crashed. ? In 1943, Alphonse Chapanis, a lieutenant in the . Army, showed that this
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