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言是非常重要的。57Six Sigma Terms and Definitions (cont) 條項(xiàng)及定義7. DPMODefects per Million Opportunities the number of defects counted, divided by the actual number of opportunities to generate that defect, multiplied by one million. 每百萬(wàn)分之一的缺陷機(jī)率 計(jì)算缺陷的數(shù)量,由分開(kāi)產(chǎn)生缺陷機(jī)率的實(shí)數(shù),乘以一百萬(wàn)個(gè)8. COPQCost of Poor Quality the cost incurred from generating a defect 品質(zhì)不良之成本 產(chǎn)生一個(gè)缺陷所招致的成本 OR 或Cost which would be avoided if, rather than a ‘Defect’, the ‘Opportunity’ yielded a success. 如果可以避免成本,那么勝于一個(gè) “缺陷 ”, “ 機(jī)率 ”產(chǎn)生的成果9. KPIVKey Process INPUT Variable an independent material or element, with descriptive characteristic(s), which is either an object (going into) or a parameter of a process (step) and which has a significant (Key) effect on the output of the process 關(guān)鍵程序輸入值 一個(gè)獨(dú)立的材質(zhì)或系統(tǒng),與描述的特征,為一個(gè)程序的目標(biāo)或參數(shù)以及對(duì)程序輸出上有重要的影響58Six Sigma Terms and Definitions (cont)10. KPOVKey Process OUTPUT Variable a dependent material or element, with descriptive characteristic(s), which is the result of a process (step) which either is, or significantly affects the customers CTQ. 關(guān)鍵程序輸入值 一個(gè)相關(guān)的材質(zhì)或系統(tǒng),與描述的特征,是任意一個(gè)程序的結(jié)果,或較大影響顧客 CTQ11. Rolled Throughput YieldThe likelihood that any given unit of product, service or information will contain Zero Defects. 。56Six Sigma Terms and Definitions (cont)3. Opportunity 機(jī)會(huì)An event which generates an output (product, service or information). 產(chǎn)生一個(gè)輸出的事件(產(chǎn)品,服務(wù)或信息)4. UnitA discrete item (lamp, invoice, etc.) which possesses one or more CTQ(Note: ‘Units’ must be considered with regard with the specific CTQ(s) of concern by a customer and/or for a specific process) 分立項(xiàng)目(來(lái)源,貨物,等)擁有一個(gè)或多個(gè) CTQ ?。?知悉:顧客必須考慮到 “UNITS” 有關(guān)特殊的 CTQ或特殊的程序) 5. Defect 缺陷An output of an opportunity which does not meet a defined specification。 If we cannot control it, we are at the mercy of chance 如果我們對(duì)其不能夠進(jìn)行控制,我們就受機(jī)會(huì)的擺布When measurement systems are inadequate, so are the decisions we make using them. 當(dāng)測(cè)量統(tǒng)在不充分的情況下,我們就決定使用他們55Six Sigma Terms and Definitions1. Customer顧客any ‘One’ who receives a product, service or information from an operation or process. 在實(shí)施或過(guò)程收到產(chǎn)品,服務(wù)或信息的人The term is frequently used to describe ‘External’ customers those who purchase the manufactured products or services which are the basis for the existence of the business. However, ‘Internal’ customers, also important, are internal GEL ‘persons’ who receive the intermediate or internal products or services from internal ‘Suppliers’. 常常使用項(xiàng)目來(lái)描述 “外部 ”顧客 那些購(gòu)買生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品或業(yè)務(wù)存在的服務(wù)基礎(chǔ)。他們?cè)谡归_(kāi) 6 Sigma中具有關(guān)鍵的角色。 Green Belts, Black Belts, and Master Black Belts187。 Metrics identify gaps in performance 識(shí)別性能中的間隙187。 ScheduledDowntime, etc. 備件 ﹔ 系統(tǒng)備分 ﹔計(jì)劃停工期,等 49Change Control 控制變更Generates/DeterminesInputs AffectingProject。 Trends。 Not All LevelsConserves Resources 不完全測(cè)試綜合變理 ﹔不是所有的級(jí)別保留資源Improve改進(jìn)Six Sigma RoadMap 5 Improve 47DOE BlockingClarifies Results whenInteracting Variables“Confound” the Results當(dāng)相互影響變量 “混淆 ”的結(jié)果 時(shí)澄清結(jié)果Generates/DeterminesIsolates Parts of Data from other Parts 其它部件上的絕緣零件資料Improve改進(jìn)Now . . . We have established the parameters and procedures foroperating the improved process . . . 現(xiàn)在 …... 我們已經(jīng)為操作改進(jìn)之過(guò)程建立了參數(shù)及程序Keep it in Control ! 保持控制該項(xiàng)!EHS ReviewReviews Affects onthe Environment,Health Safety查閱環(huán)境,健康&安全上的影響Improves Current EHSSituation and/or IdentifiesIssues to be Managed UpFront 改善目前 EHS 狀況并識(shí)別問(wèn)題時(shí)行預(yù)先處理Six Sigma RoadMap 6 Improve改善 48“Process” Control PlansInstructions TrainingIndicates if Process is Operating as Expected (InControl)。 multiplePops.Collecting data on several variables at the same time同時(shí)在多變數(shù)上收集資料Hypotheses forVariables Std. Dev.(Chi Sq., FTest, Homogeneity of Variance)MultiVari Studies 研究Points to variableswarranting furtheranalysesAnalyze分析Six Sigma RoadMap 3 Analyze分析 44Process CapabilityStudy 工序能力研究 Confidence Intervals置信區(qū)間Indicators:指示Performance Entitlement執(zhí)行&權(quán)利DPMO。Diff. in % Def. fromoverall meanVariables Data可變數(shù)據(jù)Answers:回答Difference in Means?方法的差別?One Pop. to Another。 Improve and sustain performance with well executed control plans 改善維護(hù)性能與良好實(shí)行的控制計(jì)劃Goals目標(biāo)目標(biāo)187。一優(yōu)質(zhì)的產(chǎn)量(顧客規(guī)范)超出 90%Operation操作操作Inputs輸入輸入 Inspect檢驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn) FinalYield 總產(chǎn)量總產(chǎn)量OK98% Customer Quality 消費(fèi)者品質(zhì)消費(fèi)者品質(zhì)32Defects and the Hidden FactoryProcess Variation Causes A Hidden FactoryIncreased Cost – Lost CapacityYield After Inspection or Test檢驗(yàn)或測(cè)試后的產(chǎn)量Each defect must be detected, recycled and placed back in the process. Each defect costs time and money. 必須觀察到每處不良,再生并置回程序。 Time 時(shí)間187。 Identified,識(shí)別187。3?0)(177。 Moves us toward our goal of being a worldclass pany 向著我們成為國(guó)際級(jí)別公司的目標(biāo)前進(jìn)187。 Most of the tools have been around for decades 大多數(shù)的工具大約有 10年左右的歷史187。2Why Implement Six Sigma Now? 為什么目前要貫徹 6 sigma?“無(wú)新事 ”187。 Makes application possible 應(yīng)用的可能性3Where Does Industry Stand? 工業(yè)基地的位置7Sigma Scale of Measure1,000,000100,00010,0001,000100101PPM??Restaurant BillsDoctor Prescription WritingPayroll ProcessingOrder Writeup Journal VouchersWire TransfersAirline Baggage HandlingPurchased Material Lot Reject Rate國(guó)內(nèi)航線 BestinClassAverage Company3 4 5 621IRS Tax Advice (phonein)(140,000 PPM)4Achieving our Objectives 達(dá)成我們的目標(biāo)5Seven Objectives 7個(gè)目標(biāo)Products 產(chǎn)品1. Improve time to market for all products