【正文】 需要什么 – Who is responsible for what 誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)什么 – Establish target dates 確定目標(biāo)日期 – Involve affected parties 相關(guān)部門參與 – Obtain management support 取得管理層的支持 – Document Changes 對(duì)變化進(jìn)行記錄 – Anticipate unwanted effects 準(zhǔn)備接受非預(yù)期的效果 50 D5 Select Best Solution 選擇最佳解決方案 – TOOLS TO USE 可用工具 ? Evaluation Grid 評(píng)估網(wǎng)格 ? Benchmarking Review 對(duì)照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的檢查 ? Poka Yoke Review 防錯(cuò)檢查 ? Cost Benefit Analysis 成本收益分析 51 D5 Selecting Best Solution 選擇最佳解決方案 CAUTIONS 注意 ! ! ! ? Ensure solution can efficiently be implemented 確保解決方案可以被有效實(shí)施 ? Obtain buyin from key stake holders 取得主要工序負(fù)責(zé)人的贊同 ? Identify all costs / impact(s) of proposed solution 確定建議的方案的所有成本 /影響 52 8 Disciplines of Problem Solving 解決問(wèn)題的 8項(xiàng)紀(jì)律 D6 Verification of Corrective Action 糾正措施驗(yàn)證 53 D6 Verification of Corrective Actions 糾正措施驗(yàn)證 ? ONGOING CONTROLS 持續(xù)監(jiān)控 – Quantifiable Measurable 可量化 可測(cè)量 – Clearly meets objectives / goals 明顯達(dá)到目的 /目標(biāo) 54 D6 Verification of Corrective Actions 糾正措施驗(yàn)證 ? REVIEW CONTAINMENT 檢查臨時(shí)控制措施 – Can it be removed 是不是可以停止 ? Containment cannot be removed until verification data proves that the stated objective / goal has been met 在驗(yàn)證數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)確定的目的 /目標(biāo)被實(shí)現(xiàn)以前不能停止臨時(shí)控制措施 55 D6 Verification of Corrective Actions 糾正措施驗(yàn)證 ? VERIFICATION METHODS 驗(yàn)證方法 – Increase frequency of testing of ―X‖ test from 6 pcs per month to 3 pcs per day for next 3 months 在今后三個(gè)月內(nèi)將進(jìn)行 X試驗(yàn)的測(cè)試頻率從每月 6次提高到每天 3次 . – 100% sort for defect ―X‖ for the next five shipments 對(duì)今后五批發(fā)貨進(jìn)行 100% X 缺陷的檢查 56 D6 Verification of Corrective Actions 糾正措施驗(yàn)證 ? VERIFICATION METHODS 驗(yàn)證方法 – Collect data for specific defect for the next 3 weeks。每月加班時(shí)間應(yīng)不超過(guò) A小時(shí)。 zero defects allowed 測(cè)試特性 X, 必須為零缺陷 57 D6 Verification of Corrective Actions 糾正措施驗(yàn)證 ? VERIFICATION METHODS 驗(yàn)證方法 – Track overtime in area ―Y‖ for the next 3 months。 ? The ICAs isolate the effects of the problem from any internal/external customer. Also at D3, ICAs must be validated. ICAs不受任何內(nèi)部和外部顧客的影響。導(dǎo)致輪盤在總成內(nèi)被壓跨，繼爾導(dǎo)致 2 0 % 次品率。 Pa r t is o u t o f s p e c ifi c a tio n 零件不合格 1 0 8 4 0 p i s t o n ro d n u t h a s o v er al l h e i g h t o f . 8 7 4 。目標(biāo)為 3% 。 – Create at least one Is Not for each Is 為每一 ‘ 是 ’ 信息填寫至少一項(xiàng) ‘ 不是 ’ – Include as much information as you can from the information at hand 包含盡可能多的你能從手中的信息中獲得的信息。 ‘ 不是 ’ 的信息幫助你縮小研究的范圍。 這個(gè)零件因?yàn)橛邪己酆屯裹c(diǎn)，導(dǎo)致了顧客的機(jī)器出了問(wèn)題。在成立全球 8D的團(tuán)隊(duì)之前就可以采取應(yīng)急措施了 15 Select and Verify an ERA ? To make sure an ERA will protect customers, you need to verify it to ensure it will work as expected and does not introduce a new failure mode. 為了確定應(yīng)急措施可以保護(hù)消費(fèi)者，需要驗(yàn)證它以保證它按照期望的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行，并且不會(huì)導(dǎo)致新的失效模式 ? You can verify an ERA on a nonproduction product such as a prototype or puter simulation.你可以在非產(chǎn)品上面做 ERA的驗(yàn)證，比如采用模型或者計(jì)算機(jī)模擬的方式 16 G8D Application Criteria 8D的適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn) six criteria for initiating the Global 8D process: 開始進(jìn)行 8D需要滿足六個(gè)要求 defined 該故障的定義 have been identified 顧客是經(jīng)過(guò)鑒別的 gap exists該故障存在改進(jìn)的空間 is unknown 起因未知 is mitted to fixing the problem at the root cause level and preventing recurrence 管理層致力于從根本起因的層面去解決故障并采取預(yù)防措施防止故障再次發(fā)生 of the symptom exceeds the ability of one person to solve the problem 故障很復(fù)雜，不可能單憑一個(gè)人的能力完成 17 8 Disciplines of Problem Solving 解決問(wèn)題的 8項(xiàng)紀(jì)律 D1 Form the Team 建立團(tuán)隊(duì) 18 D1 Form The Team建立團(tuán)隊(duì) ? Size 規(guī)模 – 5 to 7 Core Members 57位核心成員 ? Support Needed 所需支持 – What level of the anization 組織結(jié)構(gòu)中的哪一層次 ? Change 改變 – According to needs 根據(jù)需要 ? Roles 角色 – Define roles/responsibilities – 確定角色 /責(zé)任 19 D1 Form The Team建立團(tuán)隊(duì) CAUTIONS注意 ! ! ! ? Ensure crossfunctional team members 確保有多個(gè)功能部門的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員 ? Include process owners (those who do the work) 要包括過(guò)程當(dāng)事人 (實(shí)際作這項(xiàng)工作的人員 ) ? Include champion and leader as roadblock removers 要包括團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人和團(tuán)隊(duì)組長(zhǎng)作為路障排除人 Team Synergy 團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作 One of the main reasons for forming a team at step D1 is to gain synergy 在 D1階段成立團(tuán)