兒童液體療法英文(文件)
【正文】 t of basic substances（ gastrointestinal tract, kidneys） 2. Too much Acid metabolite （ hungriness, diabetes, renal failure, hypoxia） 3. Too much acid substance intake （ long time to take calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, amino acid etc.） Degree Mild HCO3 18~13 mmol / L Moderate HCO3 13~9 mmol / L Severe HCO3 9 mmol / L Fluid, Electrolyte Acidbase Disorders D. Hypokalemia Pathogeny 1. Lack of intake 2. Loss of kalium from kidneys or gastrointestinal tract 3. Burn, dialysis etc. 4. Abnormal kalium distribution inside or outside cells （ alkalosis, insulin therapy、 periodic anesthesia） Fluid, Electrolyte Acidbase Disorders Clinical menifetation 1. Nervous system —— depressed 2. Muscle—— inertia of limbs， muscular tension down， severely retardant paralysis， respiratory muscle paralysis 3. Heart —— heart rate increasing, arrhythmia, Adams－ Stokes syndrome, heart rate decreasing， atrioventricular block, heart sound lowering, cardiogram: U wave appearing， U≥T， flattened T wave 4. Kidney—— concentrating function lowering, urine volume increasing Fluid, Electrolyte Acidbase Disorders Common Solution of Liquid Therapy A. Nonelectrolyte solution 5％、 10％ glucose B. Electrolyte solution ％ NaCl、 ％、 5％ NaHCO 10％ KCl C. Mixed solutions refer to the following table Common mixed solution % NaCl % NaHCO3 5~10% 2:1 2 1 － 3:2:1 2 1 3 4:3:2 4 2 3 6:2:1 2 1 6 Common Solution of Liquid Therapy Infantile Diarrhea Liquid Therapy A. Volume Degree Total volume Cumulated losing volume Keep trans
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