測(cè)繪工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯資料jsp(1)(文件)
【正文】 ationships among height systems can be illustrated below:（高程系統(tǒng)的關(guān)系概述舉例說明【illustrate】如下【summarize概述n.】：）⑴MSL elevation is roughly equivalent to orthometric height (H), the technical name for height above the geoid. The geoid is, for all intents and purposes, the same as MSL.（MSL 高程概略地等同于正高（H）——高于大地水準(zhǔn)面的高度的技術(shù)名詞）⑵Geoid height (N)is the separation between the geoid and the ellipsoid (sometimes called Geoidal separation). It can be plus or minus. A negative geoidal separation indicates that the geoid is below the ellipsoid.（大地水準(zhǔn)面高（N）是大地水準(zhǔn)面和橢球面之間的差距【separation】（有時(shí)也叫大地水準(zhǔn)面差距）。）。一個(gè)正的大地水準(zhǔn)面差距表示【indicate】大地水準(zhǔn)面在橢球面下方）⑶Ellipsoid height (h)is the distance above or below the ellipsoid (plus or minus). Ellipsoid height is also called geodetic height.（橢球高（h）是高于或低于橢球的距離（正或負(fù)）。）Surveyors used to working with spirit levels have referenced orthometric heights (H) to the “average” surface of the earth, as depicted by MSL.（測(cè)量者習(xí)慣于參考【reference to】地球“平均”表面——用MSL來描述【depicte】，利用水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量，獲得正高（H））The surface of MSL can be approximated by the geoid.（MSL這個(gè)面可以近似的當(dāng)作大地水準(zhǔn)面）The difference between the two surfaces arises from the fact that seawater is not homogeneous and because of a variety of dynamical effects on the seawater.（這兩個(gè)面的差別出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)事實(shí)上——海水不均勻并且有各種不斷變化的影響在其上）The height of the MSL above the geoid is called the sea surface topography (SST).（MSL高于大地水準(zhǔn)面的高度稱為海面地形【sea surface topography】【還有一個(gè)SST satellitetosatellite tracking衛(wèi)星跟蹤衛(wèi)星技術(shù)；不要混了】）It is a very difficult quantity to obtain from any measurements。）Therefore, to represent horizontal positions and elevations on maps and charts, we need a mathematical model of the Earth which includes a set of numbers for the size and shape of the Earth.（因此，為了在地圖和海圖【chart海圖、圖表】上表示【represent】出水平和高程位置，我們需要一個(gè)地球的數(shù)學(xué)模型，它包括一系列地球大小和形狀的參數(shù)【number這里譯為參數(shù)parameter參數(shù)】）We will define a mathematical surface that approximates to the shape of the area under consideration and then fit and orientate it to the Earth’s surface.（我們將定義一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)表面接近【approximates接近v.】于被考慮的【under consideration】區(qū)域的形狀，然后使之與地球表面相符合【fit and orientate：fit是適合的意思；orientate是定向
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