曼昆經(jīng)濟學(xué)原理課件(文件)
【正文】 0 12 Quantity of Output (glasses of lemonade per hour) Total Cost Totalcost curve AverageCost and MarginalCost Curves... ATC AVC MC $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Quantity of Output (glasses of lemonade per hour) Costs AFC Cost Curves and Their Shapes $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Quantity of Output (glasses of lemonade per hour) Costs MC Cost Curves and Their Shapes $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Quantity of Output (glasses of lemonade per hour) Total Costs ATC Relationship Between Marginal Cost and Average Total Cost MC ATC $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Quantity of Output (glasses of lemonade per hour) Costs Big Bob’s Cost Curves... $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Quantity of Output (bagels per hour) Total Cost Total Cost Curve Big Bob’s Cost Curves... AFC AVC MC 0 1 2 3 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Quantity of Output Costs ATC Average Total Cost in the Short and Long Runs... Quantity of Cars per Day 0 Average Total Cost ATC in short run with small factory ATC in short run with medium factory ATC in short run with large factory ATC in long run Economies and Diseconomies of Scale Diseconomies of scale Quantity of Cars per Day 0 Average Total Cost ATC in long run Economies of scale Constant Returns to scale 。 ?規(guī)模收益不變（ Constant returns to scale）指長期平均總成本不隨產(chǎn)量變動而變動的特性。 ?在長期，固定成本將變?yōu)榭勺兊摹? The Various Measures of Cost Big Bob’s Bagel Bin Q u a n t i t yo f B a g e l sT o t a l C o s tF i x e dC o s tV a r i a b l eC o s tA v e r a g eF i x e dC o s tA v e r a g eV a r i a b l eC o s tA v e r a g eT o t a lC o s tM a r g i n a lC o s t0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 0 . 0 01 $ 3 . 0 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 1 . 0 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 1 . 0 0 $ 3 . 0 0 $ 1 . 0 02 $ 3 . 8 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 1 . 8 0 $ 1 . 0 0 $ 0 . 9 0 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 0 . 8 03 $ 4 . 4 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 4 0 $ 0 . 6 7 $ 0 . 8 0 $ 1 . 4 7 $ 0 . 6 04 $ 4 . 8 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 8 0 $ 0 . 5 0 $ 0 . 7 0 $ 1 . 2 0 $
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