【正文】 sion.IV. John Bunyan1. life: (1) puritan age。 (5) prison, writing the book. 2. The Pilgrim Progress(1) The allegory in dream form.(2) the plot.(3) the theme.V. Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets. 1. Metaphysical PoetsThe term “metaphysical poetry” is monly used to designate the works of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Pressured by the harsh, unfortable and curious age, the metaphysical poets sought to shatter myths and replace them with new philosophies, new sciences, new words and new poetry. They tried to break away from the conventional fashion of Elizabethan love poetry, and favoured in poetry for a more colloquial language and tone, a tightness of expression and the singleminded working out of a theme or argument. 2. Cavalier PoetsThe other group prevailing in this period was that of Cavalier poets. They were often courtiers who stood on the side of the king, and called themselves “sons” of Ben Jonson. The Cavalier poets wrote light poetry, polished and elegant, amorous and gay, but often superficial. Most of their verses were short songs, pretty madrigals, love fancies characterized by lightness of heart and of morals. Cavalier poems have the limpidity of the Elizabethan lyric without its imaginative flights. They are lighter and neater but less fresh than the Elizabethan’s.VI. John Dryden.1. Life: (1) the representative of classicism in the Restoration.(2) poet, dramatist, critic, prose writer, satirist.(3) changeable in attitude.(4) Literary career—four decades.(5) Poet Laureate2. His influences.(1) He established the heroic couplet as the fashion for satiric, didactic, and descriptive poetry.(2) He developed a direct and concise prose style.(3) He developed the art of literary criticism in his essays and in the numerous prefaces to his poems.Chapter 5 English Literature of the 18th CenturyI. Introduction1. The Historical Background.2. The literary overview.(1) The Enlightenment.(2) The rise of English novels.When the literary historian seeks to assign to each age its favourite form of literature, he finds no difficulty in dealing with our own time. As the Middle Ages delighted in long romantic narrative poems, the Elizabethans in drama, the Englishman of the reigns of Anne and the early Georges in didactic and satirical verse, so the public of our day is enamored of the novel. Almost all types of literary production continue to appear, but whether we judge from the lists of publishers, the statistics of public libraries, or general conversation, we find abundant evidence of the enormous preponderance of this kind of literary entertainment in popular favour.(3) Neoclassicism: a revival in the seventeenth agogo of order, balance, and harmony in literature. John Dryden and Alexander Pope were major expogogochool.(4) Satiric literature.(5) SentimentalismII. Neoclassicism. (a general description)1. Alexander Pope(1) Life: a. Catholic family。 f. The Rape of Lock。 c. the great cham of literature.(2) works: poem (The Vanity of Human Wishes, London)。 (3) worked as a secretary。 b. writing career。 b. characters: Tom, Blifil, Sophia。 c. bookseller。 b. the signicance.VI. English Drama of the 18th century1. The decline of the drama2. Richard Brinsley SheridenA. life.B. works: Rivals, The School for Scandals.C. significance of his plays. a. The Rivals and The School for Scandal are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English edy. b. In his plays, morality is the constant theme. He is much concerned with the current moral issues and lashes harshly at the social vices of the day. c. Sheridan’s greatness also lies igogo to have inherited from his parents a natural ability and inborn knowledge about the theatre. His plays are the product of a dramatic genius as well as of a wellversed theatrical man. d. His plots are wellorganized, his characters, either major or minor, are all sharply drawn, and his manipulation of such devices as disguise, mistaken identity and dramatic irony is masterly. Witty dialogues and neat and decent language also make a characteristic of his plays.Chapter 6 English Literature of the Romantic AgeI. Introduction1. Historical Background2. Literary Overview: Romanticism Characteristics of Romanticism: (1) The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings (2) The creation of a world of imagination (3) The return to nature for material (4) Sympathy with the humble and glorification of the monplace (5) Emphasis upon the expression of individual genius (6) The return to Milton and the Elizabethans for literary models (7) The interest in old stories and medieval romances (8) A sense of melancholy and loneliness (9) The rebellious spiritII. PreRomantics1. Robert Burns(1) Life: French Revolution(2) Features of poetrya. Burns is chiefly remembered for his songs written in the Scottish dialect.b. His poems are usually devoid of artificial ornament and have a great charm of simplicity.c. His poems are especially appreciated for their musical effect.d. His political and satirical poems are noted for his passionate love for freedom and fiery sentiments of hatred against tyranny. (3) Significance of his poetryHis poetry marks an epoch in the history of English literature. They suggested that the spirit of the Romantic revival was embodied in this obscure ploughman. Love, humour, pathos, the response to nature – all the poetic qualities that touch the human heart are in his poems, whic