面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)(文件)
【正文】 ware Nanjing University 62 ? 包 package ?Linguistic Modular Unit ?Features (變量 過程 ) ?信息隱蔽 ?單獨(dú)編譯 Encapsulation languages (“Object based”) ? Ada, Modula2, CLU... ? Basic idea: gather a group of routines serving a related oopurpose, such as has, insert, remove etc., together with the appropriate data structure descriptions. ? Advantages: ? For supplier author: Get everything under one roof. Simplifies configuration management, change of implementation, addition of new primitives. ? For client author: Find everything at one place. Simplifies search for existing routines, requests for extensions. 2022/8/20 Institute of Computer Software, Nanjing University 63 傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)復(fù)用支持 ? 包 作為 復(fù)用單元的 不足 ?類型、模塊分離 ?多類型支持 ? ?Factoring out monality? 2022/8/20 Institute of Computer Software, Nanjing University 64 小結(jié) 2022/8/20 Institute of Computer Software Nanjing University 65 ? 構(gòu)建高質(zhì)量的軟件系統(tǒng)是我們的目標(biāo) ? 隨著軟件的廣泛應(yīng)用及其規(guī)模的不斷增長，軟件的易擴(kuò)展性和易復(fù)用性愈發(fā)關(guān)鍵 ? 在模塊化和復(fù)用性兩個(gè)方面 ?傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)存在不足 ?面向?qū)ο竽Ｐ吞峁┝溯^好的解決方案 作業(yè) ? ?To: ?主題 : 選修面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù) ?內(nèi)容 : ?姓名和學(xué)號 ?需不需要這門課的學(xué)分 ?對課程內(nèi)容、授課方式、考試方式等的任何建議 2022/8/20 Institute of Computer Software, Nanjing University 66 作業(yè) 2022/8/20 Institute of Computer Software Nanjing University 67 Wikipedia,查閱以下一些詞條并翻譯 1. Programming paradigm 2. Structured Programming 3. ObjectOriented Programming 注意： Wikipedia是一個(gè)重要的信息源。換言之，一個(gè)好的模塊必須具有高度的獨(dú)立性和相對較強(qiáng)的功能。 VERIFICATION PROJECT TIME DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION Problems with the waterfall ? Late appearance of actual code. ? Lack of support for requirements change — and more generally for extendibility and reusability. ? Lack of support for the maintenance activity (70% of software costs). ? Division of labor hampering Total Quality Management. ? Impedance mismatches. ? Highly synchronous model. 2022/8/20 Institute of Computer Software, Nanjing University 34 WARNING: The waterfall model is not the remended process model for OO development Quality Control? 2022/8/20 Institute of Computer Software, Nanjing University 35 Analysts Designers Implementers Testers Customers Impedance mismatches 36 As Management requested it. As the Project Leader defined it. As Systems designed it. As Programming developed it. As Operations installed it. What the user wanted. 軟件模塊化 2022/8/20 Institute of Computer Software Nanjing University 37 ? 概念 ? 模塊 (module): “SelfContained”。 軟件質(zhì)量 2022/8/20 Institute of Computer Software Nanjing University 21 ? 何謂“質(zhì)量”？ ?產(chǎn)品或工作的“優(yōu)劣程度” ?何為“優(yōu)”？何為“劣”？ ? 可從“外部” 和 “內(nèi)部” 兩個(gè)不同的側(cè)面來考察軟件產(chǎn)品 (Meyer, McCall) ?外部質(zhì)量因素：用戶直接感覺到的 ?內(nèi)部質(zhì)量因素：用戶不能直接發(fā)覺，體現(xiàn)在軟件“文本”（源碼、設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告、分析報(bào)告等）中 ?Being modular。 ? Jolt Award 1998 教材與參考資料 2022/8/20 Institute of Computer Software Nanjing University 10 ? Richard Mitchell and Jim Mckim. Design by Contract, by Example. ? Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable ObjectOriented software, AddisonWesley
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