【正文】 and plex assemblies and ICDs. (b) Wide technical training, for improving munication with the subcontractors by knowing their language and their basic technical procedures. (c) Basic management skills, since this job requires working with many subcontractors, management skills can also assist at approaching and factfinding during human and technical conflicts, technical meetings and presentations. (d) Quality assurance methods. The extended approach can give the mechanical integrator more responsibilities by making it part of the system mechanical engineering, so the training can be expanded to: (a) Basic system engineering skills. (b) Design To Cost (DTC) for consulting and monitoring the subsystem39。 therefore, the top down data transform would be on a needtoknow basis. (e) Additional information to be transferred with the CAD data (data check/approve, ECO, physical properties, etc.). (f) Level of data security.An example of data flowcharts is presented in Figure 1 and Figure 2.Figure 1: System Assembly Block DiagramFigure 1 presents a system assembly block diagram that is based on a subsystem hierarchy that usually depends on the system model tree.Figure 2: System Data Flow Process Figure 2 presents the data transfer based on the system block diagram with identification of the data transfer junctions. Each junction presents a different level of integration. Topdown data flow can be based on ICD models that reflect the current system constraints, while the bottomup data flow usually includes full assembly models based on the ICD models. Levels of data release approval can assure that all critical data used for the system design or for supporting project management decisions, is strictly controlled by administering the levels of release authorities. 2009年國際機(jī)械工程會(huì)議論文集展覽11月1319，布納維斯塔，弗洛里達(dá)州，美國期刊號(hào)200911101Yuval Beiski拉斐爾, 先進(jìn)的防御系統(tǒng)航空結(jié)構(gòu)和裝配部門, Ramp。為了保證效率和數(shù)據(jù)庫的精確管理，專業(yè)訓(xùn)練需要一個(gè)指定的人員——機(jī)械積分器。這種方法是有益的，就像平行制造（它縮短了總共的工程時(shí)間），更好的實(shí)驗(yàn)第二系統(tǒng)等等。因此，必須保證數(shù)據(jù)庫是牢固的建立和恰當(dāng)?shù)牡目刂仆ㄟ^被指定的和合格的代理人員。他們經(jīng)常不明白為什么它對交流的的重要性，通過特殊的說明——或者說它爭執(zhí)他們的利益。在一個(gè)復(fù)雜亞系統(tǒng)中，在選擇分承包人，甚至變得更加挑剔。它們應(yīng)該調(diào)整維持在一個(gè)好的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來控制沒有生產(chǎn)必要的官僚資本，流程如下所示：（a）什么樣的數(shù)據(jù)庫被控制（b）準(zhǔn)則為了每一條數(shù)據(jù)庫條款（c）數(shù)據(jù)浮動(dòng)過程（d）數(shù)據(jù)的管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被批準(zhǔn)控制的數(shù)據(jù)庫包含：（a）相當(dāng)詳細(xì)的CAD裝配（b）集成水平裝配少于主要的系統(tǒng)裝配和接口控制文檔（c）系統(tǒng)種類：傳統(tǒng)種類，訓(xùn)練種類，測試種類，縮短功能性系統(tǒng)種類等等（d）分析模型：模型和裝配種類被調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)移為分析個(gè)人，如FEA,CFD,動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)，熱量分析，觸角響應(yīng)等等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能夠被改變通過集成數(shù)據(jù)庫和復(fù)雜的接口：高至從系統(tǒng)主要底盤的或者主要線路，它們集成許多部件并且被嚴(yán)格的控制；下至輔助的設(shè)備，如運(yùn)輸包裝，它對系統(tǒng)來說有一個(gè)最低的集成水準(zhǔn)，而且被作為嚴(yán)格的低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制。例如，飛艇座位的詳細(xì)裝配僅抵觸引擎鐵塔的設(shè)計(jì)；因此，高低數(shù)據(jù)庫傳輸需要一個(gè)基本的要求（e）輔助信息為了傳輸CAD數(shù)據(jù)庫（數(shù)據(jù)檢索/批準(zhǔn)，ECO,物理性質(zhì)，等等）（f）數(shù)據(jù)庫安全水平。數(shù)據(jù)庫的階層能夠保證關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)的使用為了系統(tǒng)制造或者支持工程管理決策，它被嚴(yán)格的控制，通過執(zhí)行當(dāng)局。 the two angles are equal for a 90deg. Shaft angle.When gears are to be used to transmit motion between intersecting shaft, some of bevel gear is required. Although bevel gear are usually made for a shaft angle of 90 deg. They may be produced for almost any shaft angle. The teeth may be cast, milled, or generated. Only the generated teeth may be classed as accurate. In a typical bevel gear mounting, one of the gear is often mounted outboard of the bearing. This means that shaft deflection can be more pronounced and have a greater effect on the contact of teeth. Another difficulty, which occurs in predicting the stress in bevelgear teeth, is the fact the teeth are tapered. Straight bevel gears are easy to design and simple to manufacture and give very good results in service if they are mounted accurately and positively. As in the case of squr gears, however, they bee noisy at higher values of the pitchline velocity. In these cases it is often good design practice to go to the spiral bevel gear, which is the bevel counterpart of the helical gear. As in the case of helical gears, spiral bevel gears give a much smoother tooth action than straight bevel gears, and hence are useful where high speed are encountered.It is frequently desirable, as in the case of automotive differential applications, to have gearing similar to bevel gears but with the shaft offset. Such gears are called hypoid gears because their pitch surfaces are hyperboloids of revolution. The tooth action between such gears is a bination of rolling and sliding along a straight line an。 in helical gears, the line is diagonal across the face of the tooth. It is this gradual of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds. Helical gears subject the shaft bearings to both radial and thrust loads. When the thrust loads bee high or are objectionable for other reasons, it may be desirable to use double helical gears. A double helical gear (herringbone) is equivalent to two helical gears of opposite hand, mounted side by side on the same shaft. They develop opposite thrust reactions and thus cancel out the thrust load. When two or more single helical gears are mounted on the same shaft, the hand of the gears should be selected so as to produce the minimum thrust load.Crossedhelical, or spiral, gears are those in which the shaft centerlines are neither parallel nor intersecting. The teeth of crossedhelical fears have point contact with each other, which changes to line contact as the gears wear in. For this reason they will carry out very small loads and are mainly for instrumental applications, and are definitely not remended for use in the transmission of power. There is on difference between a crossed helical gear and a helical gear until they are mounted in mesh with each other. They are manufactured in the same way. A pair of meshed crossed helical gears usually have the same hand。表2展示數(shù)據(jù)庫建立在系統(tǒng)表格，伴隨著數(shù)據(jù)庫傳輸接口。再者，計(jì)時(shí)能改變在需求上（c）數(shù)據(jù)庫文件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如CAD,STEP,WORD,PDF等等（d）詳細(xì)的水平：詳細(xì)的CAD裝備，僅僅的ICD，一部分堅(jiān)固的裝備等等。由于整體的機(jī)械管理數(shù)據(jù)庫被數(shù)據(jù)管理軟件控制，選擇軟件時(shí)變得有戰(zhàn)略決策，并且許多方面需要被檢測，比如調(diào)整其它相關(guān)方面的信息系統(tǒng)在組織和將來需求中。這限定條件能夠縮短監(jiān)測的效果。訓(xùn)練包括：(a)先進(jìn)的CAD技術(shù)，為了處理大的和復(fù)雜的裝配(b)廣泛的的技術(shù)訓(xùn)練，為了改善交流和分承包人，通過知道他們的語言和他們基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)流程(c)基本的管理技術(shù)，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)工作要求和許多分承包人合作，管理技術(shù)也能輔助進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查在人類和技術(shù)爭執(zhí)，技術(shù)會(huì)議和報(bào)告中(d)質(zhì)量確保方法這種延伸方法能給機(jī)械積分更多的職責(zé)，通過改造系統(tǒng)技術(shù)工程，因此訓(xùn)練可以擴(kuò)展到：