【正文】 by the end of +過(guò)去時(shí)間 be the time +從句（用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）引導(dǎo)的句子或主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)） ① The film had already begun when I got there. ② They had left before I returned. ③ We had finished the work by last month( by the time he came.) 2 表示由過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being found. 我本希望能乘著這些噪音不被發(fā)現(xiàn)地坐到位置上。 would bee B. had hoped。 es B. left。 Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work? Yes, that’ why I _____ to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone ： will / shall +have done 表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間乊前完成的動(dòng)作，常與表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用， 如： by the end of+將來(lái)時(shí)間的短語(yǔ) , by the time +從句（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)），這時(shí)句子或主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)完成時(shí) We will have finished the work by the time he es back.. ； will be dong / shall be doing 表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 What will you be doing this time tomorrow? the end of this month, we surely ____ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A. have found B. will be found C. will have found D. are finding conference ____ a full week by the time it ends. A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted stepped into the office, _____ down and began to fill in the forms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it said she would telephone but we _____from her so far. ’t heard ’t hear ’t heard ’t hear I got to the cinema, the film____for ten minutes. begun begun been on ’ll go with you as soon as I____my homework. finish finishing it_____tomorrow,I won’t go to the cinema. rain raining is going to be a nurse when she_____up. going to grow 7.―這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了 。 were going ’t thought。had fotten spoken。 stolen been broken into。 had left D. were writing。 will have to D. do not keep。 had looked D. was slippping。 picked D. saw。 ) B：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)： 句型 “ It is … since…” 代替“ It has been … since …” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)： 在全部倒裝句中都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。t stopped ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （ 05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly. (2020 N) A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 說(shuō)明 ： 自從我贏了大獎(jiǎng)，人們不停地打電話來(lái)問(wèn)我將怎樣使用這筆錢。今天打了三次電話是用來(lái)表示結(jié)果的，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而每次她都占線是表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 C B 說(shuō)明： 她“一直在考慮返校”是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，“還沒(méi)作決定”是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。 典型例題 (1) Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing (2) Have you ____ been to our town before? No, it’s the first time I ___ here. A. even, e B. even, have e C. ever, e D. ever, have e 注意 ：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 說(shuō)明 ： until 用在肯定句中時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示該動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到 until 后的時(shí)間為止；短暫性動(dòng)詞只能用在否定句中，表示直到此時(shí)該動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始。 D 4. As she ____ the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. (95 N) A. read … was falling B. was reading … fell C. was reading … was falling D. read … fell 5. The manager had fallen asleep where he ______, without undressing. （ 05安徽卷） A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied 說(shuō)明 ： 一般來(lái)說(shuō)在復(fù)合句中的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作大都用進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性的動(dòng)詞用一般時(shí)，表示在某個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的過(guò)程當(dāng)中另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。 lay 是及物動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為 laid；lied 是“說(shuō)謊”的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞。所以必須用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 說(shuō)明 ： 本句的重點(diǎn)是“并行結(jié)構(gòu)”，關(guān)鍵是看后面的 turn，所以 B、 C、 D、都不符合。 說(shuō)明 ： 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不用將來(lái)時(shí)，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式。 C C 。 D選項(xiàng)雖可考慮，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)大多用來(lái)表示“義務(wù)、決定、職責(zé)、約定”等，與句意不合。 C B 說(shuō)明 ： by the time 表示“到 …… 為止”“在 …… 之前”，如果主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一般需要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果是將來(lái)，就需用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 If 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，不能用將來(lái)時(shí)。兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，之前發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，之后發(fā)生的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?！疤伞笔且粋€(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為“ lay。 B B 3. You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2020) I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say 說(shuō)明 ： 本題的干擾源來(lái)自上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)，上文用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，下文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以有些人就誤以為此處該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)了。 （錯(cuò)） I have received his letter for a month. （對(duì)） I haven39。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比較 It’s time that … 結(jié)構(gòu)： It is high time that we went to school. 2） This is the… that… 結(jié)構(gòu)， that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) . This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。 C D 7. Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I _____ the living room all day. (98 N) A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. （ 04北京） A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to consider 說(shuō)明 ： 這句話的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示 從過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中 。 說(shuō)明 ： 選擇移動(dòng)電話難的原因是由于科技 正在 飛速發(fā)展，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；況且進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)常給人一種情感上的描述，表示說(shuō)話者的一種“感慨、贊賞、憤怒、斥責(zé)”等。 說(shuō)明 ： 常識(shí)告訴我們，一個(gè)人一旦獲得某種技能，一般是不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)失去的，所以需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： The mus