人口老齡化對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的影響畢業(yè)論文(文件)
【正文】 生由于平時(shí)讀得多、動(dòng)筆少,一動(dòng)筆好象非要一鳴驚人不可。寫作文是真功夫,不僅要語言文字功底扎實(shí),而且要思想嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而有深度。要想寫出優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文,一是要對(duì)所研究的問題進(jìn)行認(rèn)真深入的探索,二是要對(duì)思考研究的所得進(jìn)行歸納整理,理清頭緒,寫成條理清晰、邏輯嚴(yán)密的文章。而有的學(xué)生寫的畢業(yè)論文沒有一個(gè)突出的中心,什么都想說,什么都想解決,好象蜻蜓點(diǎn)水,到處涉及,而處處都不深入,結(jié)果一個(gè)問題也說不清楚,說不透徹,使人讀后不知作者到底想闡明什么觀點(diǎn),說明什么問題?？梢?真實(shí)性是論文的生命。如果論據(jù)靠不住,論點(diǎn)就成了空中樓閣,就會(huì)削弱文章的邏輯力量,影響文章的表達(dá)效果。這樣,才能克服道聽途說、以訛傳訛、合理想象、似是而非的虛假結(jié)論,才不會(huì)把謬誤說成真理。筆者近年來從閱讀學(xué)員的初稿時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),即使同一個(gè)班的學(xué)員,論題大致相同,寫進(jìn)論文的材料也相差無幾,但結(jié)果完全兩樣:有的觀點(diǎn)鮮明,中心突出,條理十分清晰。這就像我們建房之前,必須先搞好整體設(shè)計(jì)、畫出藍(lán)圖、再按圖施工一樣,如果預(yù)先沒有精密的設(shè)計(jì)圖紙,具體施工就無從下手,自然就蓋不出結(jié)構(gòu)合理的房子來。只有找出論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)的關(guān)系,并根據(jù)一定的邏輯聯(lián)系組織出恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言,才算是論起來了。學(xué)術(shù)論文要有理論性,就要會(huì)分析,會(huì)論理,就要緊扣中心論點(diǎn),精心選擇材料,再從各個(gè)不同的角度展開論述,道理說得越充分、越透徹,論文質(zhì)量就越高。理論文章就要聯(lián)系實(shí)際,這是理論形成的根據(jù),也是理論發(fā)展的需要。毛澤東同志曾在《反對(duì)黨八股》一文中,把這種空談理論、缺乏生命力的文章比作舊上海灘的“癟三”,這種“癟三”式的文章是任何寫作技巧也無法使它健全存活的。每個(gè)學(xué)生都有自己的專業(yè)、愛好和特長,在自己熟悉的領(lǐng)域或所學(xué)的專業(yè)內(nèi)討論問題,說的就是內(nèi)行話,研討專業(yè)外的問題,就可能出現(xiàn)外行現(xiàn)象,自然寫不出高水平的論文來。正因?yàn)殡x開了自己的專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)基地,理論根基不深,情況不熟,結(jié)果寫出來的論文,不合客觀事理和邏輯,有的甚至誤入歧途,得出荒謬的結(jié)論。因此不能隨心所欲,不能違背黨和國家現(xiàn)行的方針、政策和法律法規(guī),更不能自行其是、鉆牛角尖或走極端。要看文中的主要提法是否妥當(dāng),是否符合客觀事物的發(fā)展規(guī)律,有沒有片面的、武斷的、不實(shí)事求是的地方。他們不是在老師的指導(dǎo)下去思考研究、獨(dú)立完成,而是通過東拼西湊,抄襲組織成文。借鑒別人的文章是可以的,但要在自己理解、體會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)上,先吸取其中的營養(yǎng),再用自己的智慧去創(chuàng)造。而有的學(xué)員對(duì)文體把握不準(zhǔn),未弄清論文和其它文體的區(qū)別,因而寫出來的論文,有的像調(diào)查報(bào)告,有的像經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié),有的甚至像報(bào)告文學(xué)。1忌語言、標(biāo)點(diǎn)出錯(cuò),格式不整語言錯(cuò)誤不行。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是無聲的語言,發(fā)揮著與文字同樣的功能。一種通病就是一頓一點(diǎn)到底,論文寫完了,還是一個(gè)頓號(hào)。有的學(xué)校要求學(xué)生可電腦打印,也有的學(xué)校要求用手工謄寫。 to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. A slow sparrow should make an early start. white night not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses spare no effort。 ring out the old year and ring in the new try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all open one39。 be an eyeopener The country flourishes and people live in peace going too far is as bad as not going far enough。t be perfect. Treasures fill the home. be downtoearth sit on the fence the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal。s dear ones far away. It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most. The planning lies with man, the oute with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes. be too smart by half。t make a fist. One can39。 At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself. updating and upgrading (of products) Life begins at forty. Such kindness of warm sun, can39。 call a spade a spade。 there39。s child Misfortunes never e singly. When it rains it pours. military expertise。 give tacit consent。 Money talks. people of vision use brawn rather than brain Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we e together as if by predestination. advance with times people oriented。 unjust, false or wrong cases，駟馬難追 A real man never goes back on his words. Money and treasures will be plentiful bee debtridden Achilles39。 Ascend further, were you to look farther。 speed the parting guest ,寬以待人 be strict with oneself and lenient towards others a land of milk and honey。s mill ,無本之木 water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots make create something out of nothing There are no waves without wind. There39。s name unhealthy practices and evil phenomena ,人以群分 Birds of a feather flock together. The past has vanished (from memory) like wind。s capacities and bide one39。 be practical and realistic。s nature at birth is good. Joy puts heart into a man. hugecrowd strategy Where there is a will, there is a way. a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world。 throw a sprat to catch a whale cut off all means of retreat；burn one39。 Courtesy calls for reciprocity. Where there is life, there is hope. achieve immediate victory。 too much is as bad as too little Everythi
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