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【正文】 s pleted 特別訓(xùn)練special training 實(shí)踐social practice業(yè)余工作parttime jobs 暑期工作summer jobs 假期工作vacation jobs進(jìn)修課程refresher course 學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)academic activities 社會(huì)活動(dòng)social activities 職業(yè)資格Professional Qualifications各種證書和認(rèn)證Certifications and Accreditations獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)A(yù)wards 發(fā)表論文Publications 出版書籍Books 會(huì)員資格Professional Memberships 興趣Interests第四講短句護(hù)理介入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儀式Standard Protocols for All Nursing Interventions 1. 對(duì)照醫(yī)囑或護(hù)理計(jì)劃確認(rèn)護(hù)理介入內(nèi)容。Explain procedure and rationale.5. 評(píng)估病人當(dāng)前健康狀況及對(duì)特定護(hù)理介入的可能禁忌。 Apply clean gloves as indicated.9. 調(diào)整床鋪高度與圍欄。While providing routine hygienic care, the nurse has the opportunity to perform assessments of the client39。The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristic of cognitive function in the aged with cerebrovascular diseases and to promote their rehabilitation.(護(hù)理英語(yǔ)教程寫作分冊(cè) 第59 112)15. 將健康、足月新生兒89例隨機(jī)分成純母乳喂養(yǎng)組和加配方奶喂養(yǎng)組進(jìn)行血糖濃度監(jiān)測(cè)。所以護(hù)理計(jì)劃和護(hù)理措施也必須進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。雖然它有時(shí)也被稱為“手術(shù)”癥,但急腹癥并不是都必須做手術(shù)。 Diagnostic Studies 診斷檢查 * l Diagnosis begins with a plete health history and physical examination. Physical examination should include both a rectal and a pelvic examination.* l Complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis, abdominal xray examination, and an ECG are done initially.* l A pregnancy test should be performed on a woman of childbearing age who has acute abdominal pain. 首先進(jìn)行完整的健康史和體格檢查,包括直腸和盆腔檢查。由于很多腹痛病因并不需要手術(shù),因此,必須進(jìn)行鑒別診斷。如病因可以通過(guò)手術(shù)排除(如闌尾炎)或通過(guò)手術(shù)修復(fù)(如腹部動(dòng)脈瘤破裂),便可以考慮手術(shù)是最后的治療方法。插管、腹部皮膚準(zhǔn)備及鼻胃管可在急診室或手術(shù)室進(jìn)行。鑒于粘液、渣滓或殘血可能造成堵塞,應(yīng)經(jīng)常檢查鼻胃管是否通暢。有時(shí)可在護(hù)囑中使用冰棒,他們可以起到緩解口干的作用。 6. Abdominal distention and gas pains are also mon after a laparotomy。如出現(xiàn)腹脹和腹部強(qiáng)直,就通知醫(yī)生。病人及親屬指導(dǎo)內(nèi)容包括運(yùn)動(dòng)限制、切口護(hù)理、飲食和用藥等。 第六講 中醫(yī)護(hù)理A. 中醫(yī)護(hù)理之標(biāo)本緩急中醫(yī)護(hù)理之標(biāo)本緩急:急則護(hù)其標(biāo),緩則護(hù)基本。護(hù)理上應(yīng)了解疾病的全過(guò)程,綜合進(jìn)行分析,才能透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看到本質(zhì),然后配合治療,采取急則護(hù)其標(biāo),緩則護(hù)其本的護(hù)理原則。又如潰瘍病患者,當(dāng)出現(xiàn)嘔血、便血時(shí),護(hù)理上應(yīng)積極配合治療,做好止血或血脫的搶救準(zhǔn)備。總之,標(biāo)本緩急的護(hù)則,既有原則性,又有靈活性。《素問(wèn) ① 調(diào)攝精神。在疾病過(guò)程中,情緒波動(dòng)或突然的精神刺激,均可導(dǎo)致疾病惡化?!笨梢?jiàn),做好情志護(hù)理,保持精神上安定清靜愉快,對(duì)提高正氣,預(yù)防疾病的發(fā)生或發(fā)展有著十分重要的意義。對(duì)慢性疾病,通過(guò)太極拳、八段錦等健身鍛煉,也有助于關(guān)節(jié)流利、氣機(jī)通暢,達(dá)到早日康復(fù)。上古天真論》說(shuō)的:“其知道者,法于陰陽(yáng),和于術(shù)數(shù),飲食有節(jié),起居有常,不亡作勞,故能形與神俱,而盡終其天年,度百歲乃去。刺法論》中有“小金丹……服十粒,無(wú)疫干也”預(yù)防疾病的記載。如用貫眾、板藍(lán)根或大青葉預(yù)防流感,用茵陳、梔子等預(yù)防肝炎,馬齒莧預(yù)防痢疾等。 中醫(yī)護(hù)理要點(diǎn): ,心情煩躁,中醫(yī)以“疏泄”為法,從精神上要給病人創(chuàng)造一個(gè)心情舒暢的環(huán)境,如光線柔和,環(huán)境整潔,并應(yīng)有可交談的伴侶(醫(yī)護(hù)人員或其它人員)。11。、頭痛或帶狀疤疹紅腫劇疼,可用銀花菊花水煎后冷卻,淋洗患部。如講究衛(wèi)生,防止水源、食物和環(huán)境的污染;對(duì)“虛邪賊風(fēng),避之有時(shí)”,對(duì)“五疫之至,皆相染易”應(yīng)“避其毒氣”;對(duì)生活起居方面,應(yīng)起居有常、飲食有節(jié)、不妄作勞等,都是防止病邪侵害的有效方法。還有用蒼術(shù)、雄黃等煙熏以消毒防病等。《素問(wèn)要保持身體健康,精神充沛,益壽延年,就應(yīng)懂得自然變化規(guī)律,適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境的的變化,對(duì)飲食起居、勞逸等有適當(dāng)?shù)墓?jié)制和安排。漢代醫(yī)家華佗根據(jù)“流水不腐,戶樞不蠹”的道理,創(chuàng)造了“五禽戲”。正如《素問(wèn)突然強(qiáng)烈或反復(fù)、持續(xù)的精神刺激,可使人體氣機(jī)逆亂,氣血陰陽(yáng)失調(diào)而發(fā)病。刺法論》說(shuō):“正氣存內(nèi),邪不可干。B. 中醫(yī)護(hù)理之未病先防中醫(yī)護(hù)理之未病先防就是在疾病未發(fā)生之前,做好各種預(yù)防工作,防止疾病的發(fā)生。 緩則護(hù)基本:對(duì)慢性病或恢復(fù)期病人,在標(biāo)證不甚明顯時(shí),護(hù)理工作重點(diǎn)應(yīng)護(hù)基本。如高血壓病人,當(dāng)出現(xiàn)胃火上炎的牙痛,病人表現(xiàn)坐臥不安、失眠、煩躁時(shí),護(hù)理上應(yīng)采取針刺合谷穴,以降火止痛的措施。從正邪關(guān)系來(lái)說(shuō),正氣是本,邪氣是標(biāo);從病因與癥狀說(shuō),病因是本,癥狀是標(biāo);從疾病先后來(lái)說(shuō),舊病、原發(fā)病是本,新病、繼發(fā)病為標(biāo)。 3. Normal activities should be resumed gradually with planned rest periods. 應(yīng)逐漸恢復(fù)正常運(yùn)動(dòng),并規(guī)定休息時(shí)間。 7. Emotional support from the nursing staff is important. Honest, clear, concise explanations of all procedures in language the patient and family can understand will assist in allaying anxiety. 護(hù)理人員有情感支持也很重要,用病人及親屬能夠理解的語(yǔ)言誠(chéng)實(shí)、清楚、精簡(jiǎn)地說(shuō)明操作程序可以幫助減輕病人的焦慮。由此造成的疼痛的會(huì)很難受, 可以給些藥物刺激胃腸蠕動(dòng),如氨甲酰甲膽堿或甲硫酸新斯的明等。重要是要通過(guò)觀察確定其原因。重新插管有助于引流,還必須施行口腔護(hù)理和鼻部護(hù)理。 3. If an NG tube is present, it is connected to suction as ordered. The purpose of this tube is to empty the stomach of secretions and gas to prevent gastric dilatation. The NG tube is checked frequently for patency because it may bee obstructed with mucus, sediment, or old blood. An order is usually written to irrigate the tube with 20 to 30 ml of normal saline solution if needed. Repositioning the tube may facilit
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