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帶式電動(dòng)機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)論文(文件)

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【正文】 以防止系統(tǒng)的壓力沖擊影響泵的正常工作,另外一方面呢,在泵不工作的時(shí)候,可以防止液壓系統(tǒng)的油液倒流經(jīng)過泵回流到油箱。:要使閥芯反向開啟必須滿足: (310)即 式中 ——閥反向開啟時(shí)的控制油壓力; ——進(jìn)油腔A的油液壓力; ——進(jìn)油腔B的油液壓力; ——控制活塞的摩擦阻力; ——錐閥閥芯的摩擦阻力; —— 彈簧力; G——閥芯重力; ——控制活塞面積; A——閥座口面積。前者稱為定壓閥,主要用于定量泵的進(jìn)油和回流節(jié)流調(diào)速系統(tǒng);后者稱為安全閥,對(duì)系統(tǒng)起保護(hù)作用,有時(shí)候也旁接在執(zhí)行元件的進(jìn)口,用于限制執(zhí)行元件的最高工作壓力。1—調(diào)壓手輪 2—鎖緊螺母 3—閥體 4—閥芯直動(dòng)型溢流閥的圖形符號(hào)如圖所示:在直動(dòng)型的溢流閥中,發(fā)的進(jìn)口壓力為定植。這就表明,當(dāng)溢流量變化時(shí),直動(dòng)型的溢流閥的進(jìn)口壓力是接近于恒定的。閥桿的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式,(通用名稱:暗桿),也有升降旋轉(zhuǎn)桿式,(通用名稱:明桿)截止閥是指關(guān)閉件(閥瓣)沿閥座中心線移動(dòng)的閥門。截止閥屬于強(qiáng)制密封式閥門,所以在閥門關(guān)閉時(shí),必須向閥瓣施加壓力,以強(qiáng)制密封面不泄漏。所以截止閥的全開位置,應(yīng)由閥瓣的行程來決定。 、直流式和直角式。:名稱型號(hào)壓力(MPa)流量(L/min)電磁換向閥DG4V350單向閥4CT2145溢流閥DBD4050截止閥JZFS—液壓輔件是系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要組成部分,它包括蓄能器、過濾器、油箱、熱交換器、管件、密封裝置、壓力表裝置等。在液壓系統(tǒng)中彈簧管壓力表是經(jīng)常會(huì)用到的壓力表。在選用壓力表時(shí),其量程要比液壓系統(tǒng)壓力高。壓力表開關(guān)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)小型的截止閥。:1—手輪 2—閥桿 3—閥體根據(jù)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè),選取Y系列壓力表。常用的蓄能器的機(jī)構(gòu)簡圖以及其用途如下:重力式蓄能器特點(diǎn)和用途:結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,壓力恒定;體積大,笨重,運(yùn)動(dòng)慣性大,有噪聲,密封處易漏油并有摩擦損失。供小容量及低壓系統(tǒng)在循環(huán)頻率低的情況下用作蓄能或緩沖。最高工作壓力為5MPa。這種蓄能器一般作蓄能(折合型)、吸收沖擊(波紋型)用,也可傳遞異性液體,最高工作壓力為200MPa。一、油箱的功用及注意事項(xiàng)(1)液壓油箱的功用;;;;,泵裝置及一些液壓元件還安裝在油箱頂板上。但散熱性較差,易使鄰近構(gòu)件發(fā)生熱變形,從而影響了機(jī)械設(shè)備精度,而且維修不方便。當(dāng)液壓泵—電動(dòng)機(jī)安裝在油箱側(cè)面時(shí),稱為旁置式油箱;當(dāng)液壓泵—電動(dòng)機(jī)安裝在油箱下面時(shí),稱為下置式油箱(高架油箱)。,并設(shè)置放油塞。新油箱要做防銹、防凝水處理?;赜凸軕?yīng)插入油面以下,為防止回油帶入空氣,回油管距箱底h≥2d,且排油口切成45176。二、確定油箱的容量及型號(hào)油箱容量的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式為: (313)式中 ——液壓泵每分鐘排出壓力油的容積; ——經(jīng)驗(yàn)系數(shù),; 系統(tǒng)系數(shù)行走機(jī)械低壓系統(tǒng)中壓系統(tǒng)鍛壓機(jī)械冶金機(jī)械取選擇油箱,外形尺寸為:1—緊固螺釘 2—密封墊 3—清洗口端蓋 4—緊固螺釘5—放油塞 6—配電箱 7—吊鉤 8—油標(biāo) 9—空氣濾清器液位是指液體表面的位置,即液體表面在容器中所處的高度。雖然結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、操作方便、維修方便、價(jià)格低廉,但存在適用范圍較窄,怕碎、不堅(jiān)固、不安全、不耐壓、顯示不清楚、使用溫度低等弱點(diǎn)。(3)磁性液位計(jì):,主要是透明和半透明的介質(zhì),但有時(shí)也可用于原油等較高粘度介質(zhì)的液位檢測(cè),其測(cè)量范圍較之玻璃管液面計(jì)和玻璃板液面計(jì)大很多,最大可達(dá)到7m,且適用的公稱壓力達(dá)到了16MPa,適用溫度范圍也達(dá)到了-40℃~300℃。缺點(diǎn)有:測(cè)量范圍不大,不適用于一些高液位的測(cè)量。油管流經(jīng)管件時(shí)的壓力損失要小,且拆裝方便。 管道推薦流速/液壓泵吸油管道,一般常取1以下液壓系統(tǒng)壓油管道,壓力高,管道短,黏度小取大值液壓系統(tǒng)回油管道一、吸油管的選擇吸油管流速一般取,則吸油管內(nèi)徑為:由于吸油管所承受的壓力較小,一般用選用鋼管作為吸油管,壁厚一般取1mm,便可得吸油管的外徑。三、回油管的選擇對(duì)于回油管道,取,則回油管內(nèi)徑為: 回油管道一般不承受壓力,壁厚可以取,回油管的外徑則為。當(dāng)被連接件之間存在擺動(dòng)或轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí),應(yīng)該選用鉸接式管接頭或中心回轉(zhuǎn)接頭。接管與管路系統(tǒng)中的鋼管用焊接連接。錐形孔的接頭體4,帶有尖銳內(nèi)刃的卡套2,起壓緊作用的壓緊螺母3三個(gè)元件。1—油管 2—卡套 3—螺母 4—接頭體 5—組合墊圈 。外錐的接頭體l和帶有90176。 1—接頭體 2—螺母 3—管套 4—油管4 動(dòng)態(tài)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì):1—電動(dòng)機(jī) 2—大鏈輪 3—小鏈輪 4—聯(lián)軸器 5—逆止器動(dòng)態(tài)性能試驗(yàn)臺(tái)應(yīng)該能夠滿足自由運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的測(cè)驗(yàn)、阻力距的測(cè)驗(yàn)、最小非接觸轉(zhuǎn)速的測(cè)驗(yàn)這些項(xiàng)目的試驗(yàn)功能。最后,根據(jù)鏈輪軸和逆止器軸來選定所需的聯(lián)軸器以及軸承的計(jì)算以及型號(hào)的確定。取一般情況下,初定中心距。因此取。實(shí)際中心距為: (47) (48)則符合估計(jì)::名稱鏈輪齒數(shù)節(jié)距滾子外徑排距銷軸全寬符號(hào)尺寸鏈輪的分度圓直徑為: (49)則 d齒頂圓直徑為:齒根圓直徑為: 節(jié)距多邊形以上的齒高為: 最大齒根距離為:奇數(shù)齒 偶數(shù)齒 ,則 軸凸緣直徑為:內(nèi)鏈板高度聯(lián)軸器的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩為:式中,——理論轉(zhuǎn)矩,; ——驅(qū)動(dòng)功率,; ——工作轉(zhuǎn)速,; ——?jiǎng)恿C(jī)系數(shù):一般取值,電動(dòng)機(jī)、透平機(jī),;四缸及四缸以上內(nèi)燃機(jī),;二缸內(nèi)燃機(jī),;單缸內(nèi)燃機(jī),; ——工況系數(shù); ——啟動(dòng)系數(shù):值與頻率有關(guān):時(shí),;時(shí),;時(shí),的值由制造廠確定; ——溫度系數(shù); ——公稱轉(zhuǎn)矩。 directional control valve includes a oneway valve , oneway fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be divided into the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set the value of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary ponents, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oil dollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories. There are only three basic methods of transmitting power:Electrical,mechanical.a(chǎn)nd fluid power.Most applications actually use a bination of the three methods to obtain the most efficient overall system.To properly determine which principle method to use。and materials handling.Fluid power is the muscle of automation because of advantages in the following four major categories. 1.Ease and accuracy of contr01.By the use of Simple levers and push but tons,the operator of a flu id power system Call readily start,stop,speed up or slow down,and position forces which provide any desired horsepower With tolerances as precise as one ten—thousandth Of an inch.Fig.13—1 shows a fluid power system which allows all aircraft pilot to raise and lower his landing gear.When the pi lot moves a small contr01 valve in one direction,oil under pressure flows to one end of the cylinder to lower the landing gear.To retract the landing gear,the pilotmoves the valve lever in the opposite direction,a110wlng 0il to flow into the other end of the cylinder.2.Multiplication of force. A fluid power system(without using cumbersome gears,pulleys,and levers)Can multiply forces Simply and efficiently from a fraction of an ounce to several hundred tons of output. 3.Constant force or torque.Only fluid power systems are capable of providing constant force or torque regardless of speed changes.This is acplished whether the work output moves a few inches per hour,several hundred inches per minute,a few revolutions per hour.or thousands ofrevolutions per minute. 4.Simplicity,safety,economy.general,fluid power systems use fewer moving parts thanparable mechanical or electrical systems.Thus,they ale simpler to maintain and operate.This,in turn,maximizes safety,pactness,and reliability.For example,a new power steering contr01 designed has made all other kinds of power systems obsolete on manyoff—highway vehicles.The Steering unit consists of a manually operated directional control valve and meter in a single body.transportation,marine technology。fluid systems are restricted to shorter distances than are electrical systems.Hydraulic power transmission system ale concerned with the generation, modulation, and control of pressure and flow and ,and in general such systems include: 1.Pumps which convert available power from the prime mover to hydraulic power at the actuator. 2.Valves which control the direction of pumpflow,the level of power produced,and the
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