【正文】 性Key words: urban rail transit。 necessity 目前國內已經(jīng)有很多條城市軌道交通線路（簡稱“城軌”或“地鐵”）建成運營,通過對天津、上海、北京等城市的一些已運營的線路調查研究發(fā)現(xiàn), 在建設過程和運營期間,其隧道、高架橋、U型結構、路基擋墻等主體結構均有變形發(fā)生,從而引起線路沉降、軌道變形,嚴重時則影響城軌的運營安全。 Such as Tianjin is located in the alluvial plains, locally and seismic liquefaction of soft soil, the larger the overall settlement. 天津地鐵1號線工程新建地下段采用明挖或盾構法施工,存在圍護結構施工、因降水引起地下水位變化及基坑開挖過程會產(chǎn)生基底土卸載,造成坑底隆沉。 the main building , backfill backfill soil Shijia He will be reset to the base, resulting in the foundation of the Lung Shen。 To monitor the structure to understand deformation and to analyze the deformation causes and take effective measures to prevent accidents and ensure the normal operation of urban rail is very important. 施工期間除在基坑開挖、主體結構構筑過程中需對地面進行監(jiān)測外,還要對周邊建筑物、地下水位變化進行監(jiān)測,實踐證明這些監(jiān)測項目都在發(fā)生不均勻的沉降變化。 Along the way, Hebei District, Tianjin Metro Tianjin Bridge Wangzhuang accumulated small settlement 2. 0 ~ 2. 5 m of the area has reached 37 km2. 綜上所述,地鐵在施工及運營期間對主體結構進行監(jiān)測是十分必要的。 Construction of underground structure using a circular shield tunnel, cut and cover structure and the construction of the rectangular Ushaped structure excavation construction, elevated part of a continuous beam, beams, steelconcrete posite beam structure, such as different forms of circuitbased ponent of the ground are filling, excavation, etc., in different forms of deformation of plex structures, differences in the substructure deformation, the need for timely, especially understand the full range of convergence at different parts of the deformation. 1. 3 既有線與新建工程存在結構變形差異個別地鐵項目存在既有線改造的情況,隨著城市規(guī)模和經(jīng)濟水平的快速發(fā)展,早期建設的地鐵已經(jīng)不能滿足現(xiàn)代生活的需要,需要從規(guī)模和標準上進行改造。 Reconstruction interval full advantage of the existing section of the structure, only the stations, demolition, alteration, conversion stations both ends of each structure with the new interface, there is convergence at all between the old and new structure of differential settlement problems. 差異沉降量勢必影響到結構的穩(wěn)定,甚至會影響到地鐵線路的正常運營。 MTR subway operators will be operating during the deformation induced by repeated vibration and centrifugal force on the curve and so is not the role of the balance may induce the deformation of tunnel cave and tunnel surrounding changes in the nature of soil, and therefore the importance of monitoring subway operation reasons. 1. 5 地鐵周邊環(huán)境的改變也會造成結構變形地鐵所經(jīng)過的沿線多是城市繁華地帶,一些高層商務樓宇正在或即將施工建設,這些距地鐵較近的建筑物在施工期間極易引起地鐵結構的變形。 Viaduct underground structure and the deformation caused by different structure are not the same, by monitoring the settlement verifiable correctness and reliability of the theory to understand the actual stress state of the structure to determine the carrying capacity of the safety of the structure and conditions of use. 通過監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)收集各種技術數(shù)據(jù),建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,以便更好地隨時掌握結構變形全貌。 The safe operation of urban rail transit has bee a window to the image of the city, the main structure of the subway through the monitoring, collection of monitoring data, records improvement program, system to organize, the accumulation of materials, and promptly built the existing subway operations deformation. 通過對主體結構進行監(jiān)測,及時準確掌握現(xiàn)有建成地鐵工程的運營變形情況,不斷總結相關經(jīng)驗教訓,為病害治理提供可靠依據(jù),也可供今后相關工程設計、施工、運營維護時借鑒。 (2) urban rail traffic across the river, poor geological location of the tunnel section of the special settlement。 (4) near the convergence range of contact channels at differential settlement。 (6) After the construction of the line and urban rail transit line near the intersection of the lot on the line of the tunnel。 (8) tunnel, viaduct and embankment settlement between the transition section。Parker (Peck) method is ground lost in the tunnel length is assumed uniformly distributed on the ground subsidence in the vertical direction normal tunnel. 對隧道上方地表沉降槽橫向分布的地面沉降量提出估算公式。s important for the metro and the surrounding buildings the construction of tall buildings close to the main structure of the subway, we must first master the building caused by loading in the foundation soil of stress, followed by the distribution must have the foundation soil and its stress strain characteristics, which can be precalculated deformation will occur. 對建筑物而言,在一般情況下最主要的是地基的。The results should be based on engineering geology and soil characteristics of the specific, the general formula to estimate the correction of, and be verified through monitoring. 2. 5 對重要建筑物的地基變形計算依托的理論依據(jù)對于地鐵附屬的重要建筑物和周圍緊鄰的高大建筑物的建設對地鐵主體結構的影響,首先要掌握建筑物荷載在地基土層中引起的應力變化,其次必須掌握地基土層的分布情況及其應力應變關系特征,由此可預先計算出將發(fā)生的變形值。 (9) urban rail transit through the countries of the existing railway tunnel. 2. 4 地層沉降理論的支持和分析對于城軌交通建設時和運營后主體結構的地層沉降,一般采用現(xiàn)在通用的理論,如派克法、有限元法和派克修正公式對地表沉降量進行估算。 (7) The settlement of the viaduct piers lot, the deflection of beam。 (5) urban rail transit project along with tall buildings or under construction on the tunnel of the lot。 (3) convergence of the existing tunnel and the tunnel at the difference between the new settlement。 (1) station and the differential settlement at the interval of convergence。 Deformation can be found in time status and development trend, and to take treatment measures plans. 2. 2 重視積累監(jiān)測資料,提供病害治理可靠依據(jù)隨著城市的不斷發(fā)展,地鐵等軌道交通建設規(guī)模必然不斷擴大,并將成為城市公共交通的重要支柱。 To this end, before the project starts around on the subway to develop appropriate monitoring programs, with the surrounding construction of the project, throughout the deformation monitoring of the subway is also very necessary. 2 地鐵主體結構監(jiān)測工作重點2 focus on monitoring the main structure of the MTR2. 1 通過監(jiān)測隨時掌握地鐵結構變形全貌通過監(jiān)測可動態(tài)收集地鐵結構變形信息,掌握結構變形情況,保障運營安全,確保工程的可靠度。 Therefore, the need to structure during the operation of the subway, rail structure for deformation monitoring, timely and accurate understanding of the structure tendency for deformation to take the necessary remedial measures to ensure the normal operation of the MTR. 在建的哈爾濱地鐵利用一段既有人防工程,在建設中也應重視變形監(jiān)測。Such as Tianjin Metro Line 1, Xinhua Road, West Station to Station 7 is the use of both the cave Metro extension was changed. 既有段始建于1970年,為“7047”人防工程, 1984 年建成通車,已運營了20年。 a different form of the deformation line laying between ur