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畢業(yè)論文-基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的樹葉識別系統(tǒng)研究(文件)

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【正文】 se above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually crosses over to a foreign territory first by an emphasis on the monalities. But whether inside or outside China, the temptation to sell it for the differences is just too great. Sure, the sumptuous sets and costumes are a big attraction, but the narrative technique has bee- how shall I put it?- a bit anglicized, which is necessary for cultural export. Judging by the responses, this legend, which, contrary to the claim of the English trailer, is totally fictitious, has departed from China but not yet landed on American shores. I am a big fan of Ralph Waldo Emerson39。 he wondered how in the world he came to belong there. Indeed his penning and publishing this essay caused his exmunication from high society and also caused him a lot of legal trouble. The legal trouble came as a result of the fact that he was speaking out against the government. I like to reference such texts from time to time as an example both of the fact that history does repeat itself and that this world is not so big that what applies to one society does not in any way touch another society. On a much smaller scale,Emerson39。 names and figuring out what to do with them for the brief time each week that I stand in front of them. I do not consider the challenges of learning to live here part of a purposeful life. I consider those issues existential in nature. One of the problems with my life in America was that I felt it had no purpose. I went to work every day and even did what I could to make my colleagues39。m nothing if not that! In his text he expounds on the idea that one must give their life a purpose. And that is the true topic of this entry. These last four years have been so easy: teach for a grand total of six hours a week, and the rest of my time is mine. Since I39。ve not yet read it, I strongly encourage you to do so. In this essay, the venerable Emerson talks about eschewing the trappings of society and finding one39。s cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytimesoapstyle narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the fulllength version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. What39。s villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijing39。t help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didn39。 18 您好,為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料,請您刪除以下內(nèi)容, O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?! A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest China39。 還要感謝各位任課老師和各位同學(xué)們,感謝他們在學(xué)習(xí)和生活上對我的幫助和關(guān)心,在四年的學(xué)習(xí)生活里,彼此相互鼓勵相互支持,建立了深厚的友誼。在我人生的這個重要階段中,得到了許多老師和同學(xué)、朋友們的熱情幫助和溫暖關(guān)懷,我一直心存感激。 最后是目標特征量的選擇與提取直接影響動態(tài)圖像識別的準確性和實時性,雖然目前有一些理論可依 ,但大多數(shù)情況下容易受主觀因素影響。 展望論文的不足 論文取得了一些比較滿意的效果 ,但是一些環(huán)節(jié)仍有不足,待進一步研究和完善 : 首先是樣本選擇,神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)訓(xùn)練樣本選擇的優(yōu)劣對目標識別性能影響較大。樹葉識別結(jié)果見表 41: 表 41 識 別結(jié)果 樣本數(shù) 識別結(jié)果 識別錯誤 識別率 桂花葉 20 18 2 90% 桔子葉 20 18 2 90% 楓樹葉 20 20 0 100% 夾竹桃 20 20 0 100% 平均識別率 95% 5 總結(jié)與展望 總結(jié) 論文的主要 工作 本人廣泛收集和查閱了模式識別、數(shù)字圖像處理和人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的相關(guān)資料和文獻 ,實現(xiàn)了不同目標的識別。目前也有不少公司應(yīng)用。當(dāng)然 ,抽取特征參數(shù)的數(shù)目與采用的判決方法也是有很大的關(guān)系。 本文的樹葉圖像識別 分 4 個部 分 ,其框 圖如圖 42 所 示: 圖 42 圖像識別 系統(tǒng)框圖 第一部分是樹葉圖像信息的采集 ,它相當(dāng)于對被研究對象的調(diào)查和了解。 BP 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建立 ( 1)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行初 始化,即隨機設(shè)置三層神經(jīng)元的權(quán)值; ( 2)給定網(wǎng)絡(luò)的輸入向量和目標輸出,即將降維后的數(shù)據(jù)作為 BP 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的輸入,同時確定每個樣本對應(yīng)的實際輸出值; ( 3)計算 BP 網(wǎng)絡(luò)隱含層、輸出層各單元的輸出; ( 4)計算實際輸出和相應(yīng)的理論輸出之間的偏差; ( 5)調(diào)整各層神經(jīng)元的權(quán)值矩陣; ( 6) 若達不到訓(xùn)練要求則轉(zhuǎn)至步 驟 3,重新學(xué)習(xí),直到理想值與實際輸出值的偏差滿足訓(xùn)練精度要求。本文擬采用三層神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 BP 網(wǎng)絡(luò)基本 理論 BP 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種多層前饋網(wǎng)絡(luò),其結(jié)構(gòu)包括輸入層、隱含層和輸出層,其學(xué)習(xí)過程是由輸入層特征向量通過非線性變換從輸入層傳達到隱含層,再進行逐層處理,最后傳到輸出層,另外每一層的神經(jīng)元狀態(tài)都會直接影響下一層神經(jīng)元狀態(tài)。其定義為: 13 ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?1 20 022 22 20 02 11223 30 12 21 03224 30 12 21 032 2 2 25 30 12 30 12 30 12 21 03 21 03 21 03 30 12 21 03226 20 02 30 12 21 03 11 30 12 24333 3 3 34uuu u uu u u uu u u uu u u u u u u u u u u u u u u uu u u u u u u u u u??????? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ?????????? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?1 032 2 2 27 21 03 30 12 30 12 21 03 21 03 21 03 30 12 21 033 3 3 3uu u u u u u u u u u u u u u u u? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( 37) 4 基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的樹葉識別 人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),簡稱 ANN,它 是由很多神經(jīng)元相互連接而組成的一個信息處理系統(tǒng)。 ( 3) 似圓度 設(shè)樹葉周長和面積分別為 P 和 S,最小外接矩形的長軸長為 L,則似圓度被定義為: 24Rou nd ne ss S L?? ( 32) ( 4) 緊湊度 緊湊度可以表示一個刻畫樹葉緊湊程度的參數(shù),設(shè)樹葉的面積為 S,周長為 P,則緊湊度被定義為: 24PCom pactne ss S?? ( 33) ( 5) 不變矩 不變矩是描述區(qū)域的方法之一。 ( 1) 矩形度 樹葉的矩形度是指樹葉的區(qū)域面積與其最小外接矩形的面積之比,反映了一片樹葉對其外接矩形的充滿程度。laplace 檢測 39。 figure,imshow(BW_roberts),xlabel(39。)。log39。 BW_roberts = edge(L,39。)。,0,)。)。 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 xG yG GaussLaplace 算子: Laplace 算子是一個二階微分算子,它的計算簡單,只需要一個卷積核。 yxyx GGGGG ???? 22 ? ? ? ?670432 22 aaaaaaG x ?????? ? ? ? ?456210 22 aaaaaaG y ?????? xG yG Roberts 算子: Roberts 算子是一種差分算子,是利用 兩個 22 的掩 模模板對圖像邊緣進行檢測。 %顯示坐標系 9 圖 29 Otsu 法分割圖 邊緣檢測
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