【正文】 ） ，工序時間短，加工對象尺寸小的，宜采取平行 移動方式。（ X ） 。（ X ) 。（ 對 ） ，箭尾節(jié)點(diǎn)的最早可能開始時間也是該活動的最早可能開始時間。（ ） ，只有在關(guān)鍵路徑趕工。（ X ） 。（ 對 ） ，根據(jù)不同的生產(chǎn)條件采用不同的方法，單件生產(chǎn)類型應(yīng)采用生產(chǎn)周期法。（ 對 ） ，影響生產(chǎn)的連續(xù)性，需要設(shè)置周轉(zhuǎn)庫存。（ 對 ） 。（ X ） ，必然會發(fā)生缺貨成本。 ：生產(chǎn)運(yùn)作是一切社會組織將對它的輸入轉(zhuǎn)化、增值為輸出的過程。制造性生產(chǎn)按工藝特 點(diǎn)分為連續(xù)性生產(chǎn)和離散性生產(chǎn)，離散性生產(chǎn)時吧物料離散的按一定的工藝順序運(yùn)動，在運(yùn)動中不斷地改變形態(tài)和性能最后形成產(chǎn)品如汽車制造。 ，提供勞務(wù)，而不是制造有形產(chǎn)品，但是不制造有形產(chǎn)品不代表不提供有形產(chǎn)品。 分析、宏觀環(huán)境（政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)、社會）、五力競爭模 型（需方對行業(yè)影響、供方對行業(yè)影響、替代品威脅、新進(jìn)入者威脅、行業(yè)內(nèi)企業(yè)競爭）。 ：增強(qiáng)企業(yè)的市場競爭力、擴(kuò)大市場份額、適應(yīng)個性化定制生產(chǎn)需要、產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代需要。 ：按產(chǎn)品、按加工路線、按項(xiàng)目。 ：（ 1）經(jīng)濟(jì)因素：運(yùn)輸條件和費(fèi)用、勞動力可獲性和費(fèi)用、能源可獲性和費(fèi)用、廠址調(diào)減和費(fèi)用。缺點(diǎn) ：加工路線長、運(yùn)輸量大、運(yùn)輸成本高、生產(chǎn)周期長、組織管理工作復(fù)雜。 ：是對于某裝配流水線，再給定的流水線的節(jié)拍后，求出裝配線所需工藝的工作地?cái)?shù)量和工人數(shù)量最少的方案。 9 ，在一定的時期內(nèi)，在先進(jìn)合理的技術(shù)組織條件下 所能生成的一定種類產(chǎn)品的最大數(shù)量。 。 的基本思想是將企業(yè)的制造流程看做是一條聯(lián)結(jié)供應(yīng)商、制造商、分銷商、顧客的供應(yīng)鏈，強(qiáng)調(diào)對供應(yīng)鏈的整體管理，使制造過程更有效，使企業(yè)流程更緊密地集成到一起，從而縮短從顧客訂貨到交貨的時間，快速地滿足市場需求。（ 2）減少顧客參與影響的方法：通過服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化減少服務(wù)品種、通過自動化減少顧客的接觸、將部分操作與顧客分離、設(shè)置一定量庫存。 ，他能代表一項(xiàng)工程或一項(xiàng)生產(chǎn)任務(wù)中各個工作環(huán)節(jié)或各道工序的先后順序和所需時間 。最長的路線稱為關(guān)鍵路線。質(zhì)量管理是指“確定質(zhì)量方針、目標(biāo)和職責(zé)，并通過質(zhì)量體系中的質(zhì)量策劃、質(zhì)量控制、質(zhì)量保證和質(zhì)量改進(jìn)來使其實(shí)現(xiàn)的所有管理職能的全部活動” TQC是指在全社會的推動下，企業(yè)的所有組織、所有部門和全體人員都以產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量為核心，把專業(yè)技術(shù)、管理技術(shù)和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)合起來，建立起一套科學(xué)、嚴(yán)密、高效的質(zhì)量保證體系，控制生產(chǎn)全過程影響質(zhì)量的因素，以優(yōu)質(zhì)的工作、最經(jīng)濟(jì)的辦法，提供滿足用戶需要的產(chǎn)品的全部活動。不斷改進(jìn)是其指導(dǎo)思想，消除浪費(fèi)是其目標(biāo)，協(xié)力工作和 溝通是其實(shí)現(xiàn)的保證。 where dinner and afternoon tea are available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient trees. Yuanmingyuan Road behind the plex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and highend brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Today, it is a popular location for mercial fashion photo shoots. New Tian’an Church, or Union Church, stands at the intersection of Yuanmingyuan Road and Suzhou Creek. The church, designed in the style of the Engl ish countryside, has a capacity of 500 people. It was very popular during the concession period but was converted into factory offices after 1949. The church we see today is a replica, the original burned down in 2021. There used to be an outdoor swimming pool, the first of its kind in Shanghai, beside the church but has been filledin and is now a small garden. Bridge of romance There is perhaps no other place that’s more representative of Shanghai than this bridge, which appears in quite a lot of movies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their prewedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu River. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. The soontobewed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect lights illuminate the bridge throughout the night, making it a picturesque place for prewedding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British pany, the 106meterlong bridge was the firstever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but the bridge toll led to plaints from citizens. So 17 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been built over Suzhou Creek, the bridge is no longer a traffic artery but is more of an observation deck for tourists. It is a tradition in Shanghai for a grandmother to walk across a bridge with their grandchild when he or she reaches one month. This represents that the newborn has overe all the twists and turns and its journey will be safe and smooth throughout his or her life. Waibaidu Bridge is always the best option because it’s the icon of Shanghai. The picture of my daughter when she was a baby held by her grandmother was also taken here. It’s like a family tradition, says Wang Xuefen, a Shanghai native who has a newborn grandson. Changning Riverside There is a 5km stretch of waterfront by Suzhou Creek in Changning district on Changning Road from the intersection of Hami Road to Jiangsu Road. It has bee a popular place to take a walk and sunbathe on the lawn. There is an overpass at the intersection of Changning Road and Gubei Road for people to enjoy the view of the creek and a 3km plastic runway on both sides of Changning Road, which attracts people of all ages, Chinese and expat. Jogging on the two sides gives a different feeling because the north side is next to the creek, and the south side is adjacent to the residential highrises, which is like jogging in the jungle, says Xiao Xu, a 27yearold woman who lives nearby. The riverside used to be pletely different. Dozens of textile mills,