【正文】 新及組織文化創(chuàng)新。 ⑵ 、 解決直線與參謀的矛盾，關(guān)鍵是要正確發(fā)揮參謀的作用。 ⑹ 、 參謀人員應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)常提醒自己不要越權(quán)，直線主管應(yīng)當(dāng)充分尊重參謀人員的作用，自覺地支持他們的工作，相互取長補短。 ⑷ 、設(shè)計部門的職能應(yīng)根據(jù)專業(yè)化的原則，以工作或任務(wù)的性質(zhì)為基礎(chǔ)來劃分，可以分為基本職能和派生職能。 ⑶ 、菲德勒認(rèn)為根據(jù)具體情況采用任何與之相適應(yīng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式都是有效的。 ⑵ 、 管理是一門科學(xué)體現(xiàn)在它 的客觀性上面，管理學(xué)就是從客觀實際出發(fā)，揭示管理活動的各種規(guī)律。 ⑹ 、 管理是一門科學(xué)體現(xiàn)在它的發(fā)展性上面，管理隨著社會活動的發(fā)展而發(fā)展。 ⑷ 、 系統(tǒng)化的原則。 ⑶ 、有利于組織資源的合理配置。 ⑴ 、 管理幅度是指一名領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者直接領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的下級人員的人數(shù)；管理層次也稱組織層次是描述組織 縱向結(jié)構(gòu)特征的一個概念。 ⑷ 、 管理幅度與管理層次之間存在著相互制約的關(guān)系，起主導(dǎo)作用的是管理幅度，也就是說，管理幅度決定管理層次。 ⑴ 、管理的藝術(shù)性就是強 調(diào)將掌握的管理知識，靈活運用于管理實踐，大膽創(chuàng)新。 ⑸ 、管理的藝術(shù)性離不開管理知識的掌握。 ⑷ 、創(chuàng)新的微觀過程研究某個創(chuàng)新的具體實現(xiàn)過程，但任何重大技術(shù)創(chuàng)新都會引起創(chuàng)新群和一系列連續(xù)創(chuàng)新。 ⑶ 、通過溝通形成共識， 協(xié)調(diào)組織成員的行為。 ⑴ 、變革的過程可以分為六個步驟。 ⑹ 、正確地選擇推行變革的方式和策略。 ⑵ 、戰(zhàn)略管理的作用（略） ⑶ 、企業(yè)實行戰(zhàn)略管理，目的是根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的 資源能力，適當(dāng)?shù)靥剿髌髽I(yè)經(jīng)營的范圍，選擇經(jīng)營方向，強化在市場上的競爭能力，提高企業(yè)獲利能力和經(jīng)濟效益，形成企業(yè)特有的競爭優(yōu)勢，揚長避短，趨利避害，在競爭中獲勝，這是戰(zhàn)略管理的最終歸宿。 ⑶ 、 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)威信受權(quán)力因素（強制因素）和非權(quán)力因素（自然因素）的影響。 ⑹ 、 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者確立的目標(biāo)要適宜，說到做到，取信于民。 ⑷ 、 改進信息溝通的準(zhǔn)則。只有積極傾聽才能使溝通有效起來。管理者在溝通過程中應(yīng)注意使用反饋回路，減少誤解或不準(zhǔn)確。 ⑷ 、對非正式組織應(yīng)當(dāng)采取引導(dǎo)、控制與利用的管理方法。 ⑻ 、要注意團結(jié)非正式組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，通過他的合作與支持來影響其他成員的行為。 ⑶ 、 在經(jīng)濟人的假設(shè)基礎(chǔ)上泰羅創(chuàng)立了科學(xué)管理理論，運用經(jīng)濟杠桿來調(diào)動員工的積極性達(dá)到提高勞動生產(chǎn)效率的目的。 ⑶ 、高聳型組織結(jié)構(gòu)在合理的界限內(nèi)，能迅速有效地解決問題，保證領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的有效性，這是它突出的優(yōu)點。 （英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of prehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen innerparty supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the code adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard。 the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. code and Regulations revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations column 1 by 2020 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation。s eighteen years prehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of the ICAC guidelines in in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2020, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too plicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice。 two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue。s eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, anization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the code and rule modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) code code adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in bination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of selfdiscipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 mon requirements. One is closely linked to the selfdiscipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment cases . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the prehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised code is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the selfdiscipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People39。s eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised low political criterion and Regulations , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a longterm, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent rule and rule . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and selfdiscipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party passes party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitu