【正文】 當(dāng)普遍。 A公司開出信用證規(guī)定，裝船期限為 2021年 1月 1日至 1月 10 日，由于 B公司租來運(yùn)貨的“順風(fēng)號”輪在開往某外國港口途中遇到颶風(fēng)，結(jié) 果裝運(yùn) 2021年 1月 20日才完成。 2021年 1月 30日“順風(fēng)號”輪途經(jīng)巴拿馬運(yùn)河 時(shí)起火，造成部分化肥燒毀。途中燒毀的化肥屬 于單獨(dú)海損，依 CFR術(shù)語，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由 A公司即買方承擔(dān)；而 A公司 購買了水漬險(xiǎn)，賠償范圍包含單獨(dú)海損，因此由保險(xiǎn)公司承擔(dān)。因?yàn)槌羞\(yùn)人遲延裝船，又倒簽提單，須對遲延交付負(fù) 責(zé)。 b. 表明使用同一運(yùn)輸工具并經(jīng)由同次航程運(yùn)輸?shù)臄?shù)套運(yùn)輸單據(jù)在同一次提交時(shí)，只要顯示相同目的地，將不視為部分發(fā)運(yùn)，即使運(yùn)輸單據(jù)上表明的發(fā)運(yùn)日期不同或裝貨港、接管地或發(fā)運(yùn)地點(diǎn)不同。 Considerations for deciding the time of shipment 1. The supply of the goods 2. Transportation 3. The market conditions of the goods 4. The conditions of the goods 47 Followup Practice 1 Review and Discussion Questions 1) What are the major types of transportation in international cargo transport? 2) What are the characteristics of liner transport? 3) What are the differences between voyage charter and time charter? 4) What are the main functions of B/L? 5) What should be considered when choosing port of shipment and port of destination? 6) Why the advice of shipment can coordinate the responsibilities of the exporter and the importer? 7) What are the main responsibilities of multimodal transport operator? 8) What main points are included in the clause of shipment? 48 2 Choose the right answer from each of the following. 1) ______ can be freely bought and sold just like modities. A. Railway bill B. Airway bill C. Shipping advice D. Ocean bill of lading 2) Freight under liner transportation _______. A. needs to stipulate demurrage and dispatch money between the shipper and the carrier B. does not include loading and unloading cost C. consists of basic charges and additional charges D. is collected based on gross weight of the goods 3) Airway bill is NOT________. A. a transport contract between the consignor and the carrier B. a document for customs clearance C. a document for bank negotiation D. a document of title 4) ________is the most monly used transportation mode, which occupies 2/3 of international transportation. A. Railway transportation B. Maritime transportation C. Air transportation D. Parcel transportation 5) In international trade, the importer often does not require_______. A. shipped B/L B. clean B/L C. blank B/L D. order B/L 49 6) _______ can be transferred after endorsement. A. straight B/L B. blank B/L C. order B/L D. through B/L 7) Multimodal transport operator is responsible for _________. A. the first voyage B. the whole voyage C. the ocean transport C. the last voyage 8) Under ______ character, the shipowner only rents the charterer the boat. A. demise B. time C. voyage D. booking 9) _____is suitable for conveying fresh, emergent and seasonal goods. A. scheduled airlines B. chartered carriers C. consolidated consignment D. liners 10) If items marked with “AD Val.”, the freight is to be calculated on the basis of _______ of the cargo concerned. A. weight B. price or value C. measurement D. volume 50 3. Judge whether the following statements are true or false. 1) The loading and unloading charges are included in the freight of the liners. ( ) 2) Demurrage is the extra charges a shipper pays for detaining a freight ship beyond time permitted for loading or unloading. ( ) 3) Dispatch money is a fine imposed on the charterer for the delay in the loading and unloading of the goods. ( ) 4) Straight B/L can be transferred through endorsement. ( ) 5) A bill of lading is both a receipt for merchandise and an evidence of contract to deliver it as freight. ( ) 6) Advantages of containerization include less handling of cargo, more protection against pilferage, less exposure to the elements, and reduced time of shipping.( ) 7) Order B/L can be transferred with or without endorsement. ( ) 8) In international multimodal transportation, a multimodal transport operator will issue a bined transport document and be responsible for the safe carriage of the whole voyage. ( ) 9) In order to clarify who will bear the loading and unloading charges in voyage charter transportation, the clause “Free in and out” is set forth in the Voyage Charter Party. This means the charterer shall be responsible for both loading and unloading charges. 10) Free in and free out means that shipowner is responsible for both loading and unloading charges. ( ) 51 A Chinese pany (Company A) signed a sales contract with a Brazilian pany (Company C). Company A entrusted a shipping pany (Company B) to ship the 10 000 sacks of coffee beans from Shanghai Port to a port in Brazil. Company B issued a clean B/L evidencing that each sack weights 60 kgs in apparent good condition. When the goods arrived at the destination, Company C found that the weight of 600 sacks of goods was 25% less in quantity than contracted and the packages were loosened. Therefore, Company C sued Company B for the quantity discrepancy between the delivered goods and the descriptions on the B/L, and asked Company B to pensate for the loss. Company B later provided evidence to prove that the loosened packages and the shortweight had existed when the goods were loaded on board, and the pany issued the clean B/L because of failure in checking every package. Since the discrepancy in delivered quantity was not caused by Company B. the pany should not pensate for the loss. Investigation also confirmed that the shortweight of 600 sacks was not caused by the carrier but by the shipper, Company A. Which party should pensate Company C? Give reasons to sup