【正文】 (order,mand),三建議 (suggest,propose,advise),四要求 (demand, require, request,ask) 謂語動(dòng)詞 (should)+do 。should have 。 She felt upset and sad as if/as though the whole world had turned against her. b).讓步從句 與現(xiàn)在 /將來事實(shí)相反 謂語動(dòng)詞 bewere/ 動(dòng)詞 過去式 與過去事實(shí)相反 謂語動(dòng)詞 過去完成式 ，我也不會(huì)原諒他。 Goodbye , Mr. Wang. I’ m pleased _____ you. A. to meet B .meeting C. to have been meeting D. to be met A Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people _____ their best. 5 A. do B. to do C. doing D. done B 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的對(duì)象時(shí)（或動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)），不定式一般要用被動(dòng)式。 Judging from his manners at the party, he doesn’ t seem _____ much education. A. to receive B. to be receiving C. to have received D. to have been received C The book is said _____ into several foreign languages up to now. A. to translate B. to have translate C. to have been translated D. to be translated C ，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)． To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一門外語不是一件容易的事。 ： 不定式可以和名詞或代詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作動(dòng)詞的賓語，這時(shí)不定式被稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。如： Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box? 誰能幫我拎這個(gè)重箱子？ 在 make, let, have 等使役動(dòng)詞和 see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語中，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to。 Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 盡管他經(jīng)常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他卻被他的小妹妹弄哭了。 How could you leave him to have supper with a stranger? 你怎么讓他跟一個(gè)陌生人一起吃晚飯？ think, consider, believe, declare, suppose, find, imagine, know, understand, take, prove, feel 等動(dòng)詞后面接的不定式短語作補(bǔ)語多由 ： to be+形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成； think, consider, find 后的 to be ?？墒÷浴Ｈ纾? The young man was considered to have great promise. 這個(gè)年輕人被認(rèn)為大有前途。 6 I happened to be talking with him when he was hit by a car. 他被汽車撞的時(shí)候，我碰巧在和他談話。 （ 2） 常與不定式搭配的形容詞，其同源名詞一般可以帶不定式作定語，常見的有 ability, anxiety, eagerness, ambition 等。 He is always the first person to e and the last one to 。如： We students should have the courage to face any 。 There are many interesting books to choose from, but I don’t know which to borrow. 有很多有趣的書可以挑選，但我不知道該借哪一本。 （ so as (not) to do 不可以置于句首。 Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio? 請(qǐng)你幫我把收音機(jī)調(diào)低一點(diǎn)好嗎？ He woke up only to find himself in hospital. 他醒來發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。 “ only + 不定式 (短語 )”用法 “only + 不定式 (短語 )”這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常多表示主語意想不到的結(jié)果，而且這些結(jié)果多不令人愉快。常見的形容詞有： happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever, frightened, shocked, sorry, eager, proud, 7 disappointed, foolish, impatient, unwise, naughty 等。這時(shí)候，作句子主語的除了是表示人的詞外，還可以是表示物的詞。 ： 在一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào) to常常省略，下面還有幾種情況請(qǐng)大家注意： （ 1） 動(dòng)詞原形 e, go 等在口語中可接不帶 to 的不定式。如： Why spend so much money? 為什么花這么多錢？ Why not let her have a try? 為什么不再讓她試一試？ （ 3） had better（還是 …… 最好） had best（最好，頂好） would rather（寧可，寧愿） would rather…than （寧可 … 而不 … ） would sooner（寧可，寧愿） would sooner…than （寧可 … 而不 … ） cannot but（不得不，必然） cannot choose but（只得） cannot help but（不得不） 動(dòng)詞原形 或 not +動(dòng)詞原形 You’d better listen to your teacher’s opinion. 你最好聽一聽老師的看法。 （ 4） 在介詞 but, except,besides 之前如有動(dòng)詞 do 的任一形式，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不用 to。如： I’m afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi. 恐怕我們別無選擇，只好乘出租車了。 Can you help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting at 2:00 .? 你能不能幫我打電話給他，叫他下午兩點(diǎn)來開會(huì)？ 但如果兩個(gè)不定式有對(duì)比的意思，則不定式符號(hào) to 不可被省去。 She must go but you don’t have to. 她必須走，但你沒有必要。 May I use your car? 我可以用你的汽車嗎？ No, I forbid you to. 不，我禁止你使用。 It’s difficult for us to finish the work within two hours. 我們要在兩小時(shí)之內(nèi)完成工作是很難的。 It’s kind of you to think so much of us. 難為你這么為我們著想。 9 常見的不定式短語可以作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子，也可以稱它們?yōu)椴迦胝Z。 二． 動(dòng)名詞的基本用法： ：英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞只能接 ing 形式的 賓語。由題意可知，她到了山 頂，停下來在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。由 the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生，因此用 fet to do sth. 而 fet doing sth 表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。 regret to do sth. 對(duì)將要做的事感到遺憾。 5）除上述外，還有些固定詞組，如 can’ t help?， give up?， feel like?， keep on?， set about（著手）?， get down to 但是， set out to do prevent／ stop／ keep sb from?， object to（反對(duì)）?， insist on（堅(jiān)持）?， persist in（堅(jiān)持）?， put off（推遲）? ,。 He fot about _____ him to attend my wife’ s birthday party. A. I asking B. my asking C. me to ask D. mine to ask B。 I have no difficulty (in) municating with foreigners. 我在和外國人交談方面沒有什么困難。 You don’ t object _____ you by your first name, do you? A. for me to call B. me to call C. to my calling D. my calling C The students are looking forward to _____ their parents in winter vacation. A. see B. watch C. seeing D. being seen C （句中 to 是介詞） 七、動(dòng)名詞 作介詞賓語， 經(jīng)常用在一些短語的后面。 What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我們結(jié)婚？ risk 后接動(dòng)名詞做賓語， risk（ in） doing in 常省略。 I object to his （ him） making private calls on the office phone. 我反對(duì)他用辦公室的電話打私人電話。不能說明動(dòng)詞或形容詞，副詞的比較級(jí) 12 b. much+動(dòng)詞或形容詞，副詞的比較級(jí) c. be well worth doing很值得做 d. be fast asleep 熟睡在（位置，時(shí)間）后 e. nice and+形容詞原級(jí) eg. The boy is nice and clever. ：表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)， I don’ t remember _____. A. ever to be saying B. to have ever said C. having ever said that D. ever said that C I regret having done such a thing. 我后悔做 了這樣的事。 4） .“五朵金花 ” need , demand, want, require 表示“需要” , be (well) worth doing”值得做 ”的用法 , 用主動(dòng)形式來表示被動(dòng)含義 ． Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗 一下了。 典型例題 You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret ___ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 答案： D。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以 stop doing 。 1） mepskarfi（妹不食咖啡）這個(gè)杜撰的單詞，每個(gè)字母都代表了一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞，即： mmind, miss， eenjoy,escape, ppractise， ssuggest, kkeep, aavoid（避免）， appreciate,advice,admit（承認(rèn)） rrisk,（冒險(xiǎn)） , ffinish, iimagine 等。 To be frank, I don’t agree with what you said. 坦率地說，我不同意你說的話。 能接不定式的常見動(dòng)詞： want（想要） , like（喜歡） , wish（希望） , hate（憎恨，討厭）