【正文】 which cover loans that must be repaid within one year. These loans might include money borrowed from the bank along with money borrowed by issuing certain types of security which have to be repaid within one year. ? shortterm borrowings 短期借款 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 41 Secondly, there are other current creditors, which cover any money owed to other businesses as trade credit and accruals together with any money owed to the government, ? trade credit 商業(yè)信用，貿(mào)易信貸 指一個公司與另一個公司進行貿(mào)易時向其提供的信貸 ? accrual n. 應(yīng)計（費用） 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 42 such as national insurance contributions, which it has to pay on behalf of its employees, and value added tax and corporation tax, which is a tax on pany profits. ? national insurance contributions 為雇員支付給國民保險機構(gòu)的保險費 ? value added tax（ VAT） 增值稅 按照貨物或勞務(wù)發(fā)票上價值的百分比征收的稅。 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 24 Every business transaction, no matter how simple or how plex, can be expressed in terms of its effect on the accounting equation. 每一項企業(yè)交易，無論多么簡單或多么復(fù)雜，都能夠根據(jù)這個會計等式的結(jié)果來表示。 Assets Equities 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 21 ? Therefore, the total claims of the creditors plus the claim of the owner equal the total assets of the business. 因此，債權(quán)人的權(quán)益加上業(yè)主的權(quán)益就等于企業(yè)的資產(chǎn)總額。 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 18 ? Why is the statement of financial position called a balance sheet? Because the two sides of the statement, that is, the total assets and the total equities, always keep balance. 因為報表的兩邊，即資產(chǎn)總額與權(quán)益總額，總是保持平衡。 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 13 ? Give some more examples which are classified as liabilities. accounts payable 應(yīng)付帳款 notes payable 應(yīng)付票據(jù) taxes payable 應(yīng)付稅款 payroll payable 應(yīng)付工資 bill payable 應(yīng)付匯票 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 14 ? How much is the owner’s equity if the amount of business assets is $1200 and the amount of business liabilities is $1000? The business assets exceed the business liabilities by $200. The owner’s equity is $200. 超過 ? Try to explain the owner’s equity. The owner’s equity is the amount by which the business assets exceed the business liabilities. 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 15 ? What does “owner’s equity” represent in this sense? The owner’s equity represents another type of ownership interest in a business. What kind of interest it is? An inside interest. It is sometimes termed “proprietorship”, “ worth”, or “capital”. ? inside interest 內(nèi)部權(quán)益 ? proprietorship 業(yè)主權(quán)益 ? worth 凈值 ? capital 資本 a 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 16 ? What will happen to the owner’s equity if the business has no liabilities? The owner’s equity in the business is equal to the total amount of the assets of the business. 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 17 ? What is the fundamental characteristic of the balance sheet (資產(chǎn)負債表） ? The total figure for assets always equals the total figure for liabilities and owner’s equity (or the total assets are always in agreement with the total equities). 資產(chǎn)總額總是等于負債和業(yè)主權(quán)益總額（或總資產(chǎn)與總權(quán)益相等）。 Everything that a business owns has been supplied to it by the creditors or by the owner. 企業(yè)擁有的一切都是債權(quán)人或業(yè)主提供給它的。 To emphasize that the equity of the owner is a residual element, secondary to the claims of creditors, it is often helpful to transpose the terms of the equation, as follows: Assets－ Liabilities ＝ Owner’s Equity 為了強調(diào)業(yè)主權(quán)益是次于債權(quán)人權(quán)益的剩余部分，調(diào)換一下等式的各部分是很有幫助的。 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 26 Assets Owner’s Equity Liabilities Any increase in the amount of total assets is necessarily acpanied by an equal increase on the other side. ＝ Any decrease in total assets is necessarily acpanied by a corresponding decrease in liabilities or owner’s equity. 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 27 ? Answer the following questions: 1. What are business assets? Properties of value that are owned by a business entity are called business assets. 2. What are business liabilities? The debts a business is obligated to pay are business liabilities. 3. t is an account receivable?An account receivable is an un ritten promise by a customer to pay at a later date for goods sold or for service rendered. 4. What is ote r ceiv le? note receivable is a formal writ en or by a bor ower t pay a pecified sum of money at a definite f ture date. 5 t p yabl ? t payable is an u written r is to pay a supplier forme chandise or pro rty purchased on cred t or for s rvic rendered. 6 payable? ote pay ble is a formal written or a lender a specifi d sum f money at a d fi it futur date. 7. t is the owner’s quity? The amount y which the busin ss assets exceed the business liabilities is called the owner’s equity. 8. at is the main characteristic of the balance sheet? The total figure for assets is always equal to the figure for liabilities and owner’s equity. 9 can we learn from the l sting of assets? We can learn what things the business owns from the listing of asse s. 0. What does th listing of l abilities and the owner’s equity tell us? It t lls us who supplied thesresources to the business and how much each group supplied. 1. o upplied the sse s to a busin ss Cr ditor nd the owner of the business. 12. What can we learn from the transposed equation: assets liabilitie = the owner’s equity We can learn that the owner’s equtyis the resi ual element, secondary to the claims of creditors. 3 will happen to the listing of the liabilities and owner’s equity if there is an increas n the oun of total as t ? There ill be a c rre ponding increase in the amount of th equities. 2020/6/30 Chen Jianhui 28 ? Turn the following into English: 1. 經(jīng)營單位 2. 應(yīng)收賬款 3. 應(yīng)收票據(jù) 4. 應(yīng)付票據(jù) 5. 企業(yè)負債 6. 債權(quán)人權(quán)益 7. 書面承諾 8. 法律責(zé)任 9. 會計等式 10. 業(yè)主權(quán)益 11. 凈值 12. 資產(chǎn)總額 13. 資產(chǎn)負債表 14. 財務(wù)狀況表 15. 房地產(chǎn)公司 16. 對資產(chǎn)的權(quán)益 17. 相應(yīng)的減少 18. 企業(yè)資產(chǎn)