【正文】 ganization, obtain preferential tax. In addition, there is not a special law to unified regulation of the activities of nonprofit organization, various volunteer activities have infiltrated the operation mechanism in the whole traditional British nonprofit organization mainly from voluntary cooperation and folk charity, they are called voluntary sector, than we usually sense of nonprofit sector concept to narrow, its history can be traced back to several centuries ago,The British in 1601 introduced the charity law and remedy, is the world39。s responsibility mainly includes: the recognition and support of the voluntary and munity sector independence。 with the establishment of evaluation system。 promote mutually beneficial relations of work。 abide by the law and the corresponding specification。 may impact on the voluntary and munity sector policy makers need to consult them advice。s nonprofit organization, South Africa39。 附件 2：外文原文 Does the government crowdout private donations? New evidence from a sample of the nonprofit organization Abstract The development of nonprofit organizations is rooted in the market economy and democratic political system, and developed market economy has a history of one hundred nonprofit organizations in the legal system, fund raising,and government relations and internal and external supervision and management system and other aspects of the experience is worth us in practice, bined with their own actual conditions to use. Keywords Nonprofit organization, development, enlightenment, munity organization 1 Introduction The development of nonprofit organizations is in developing countries. In recent years, the government from almighty government to limited government, provides a broad institutional space for the development of nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit organizations, on the one hand can effectively make up the defect as a national system for the first sector of the lack of efficiency, and better able to undertake the limited government to social functions, on the other hand, can also overe the lack of fair market system defects, and solutions for solving the problem of market interest. The development of nonprofit organizations is rooted in the market economy and democratic political system, and developed market economy has a history of one hundred years, the development of nonprofit organizations have some things in mon and mature experience, is worth learning and reference. 2 Background information The rise of nonprofit the nieen eighties, nonprofit organizations have made rapid development in the global scope, as American scholar of Leicester Salamon said: we are living in a global 39。社會監(jiān)督雖然是一種非正式監(jiān)督機制，但它使每一個對該組織關心或有疑問的人都可以對它進行檢查、監(jiān)督，一旦被發(fā)現問題，則會受到嚴格的處罰，相當于給了非營利組織一個強烈的自律激勵。英國的慈善管理委員會是一個對非營利組織實行綜合管理的機構，它是英國政府的一個特設機構，不隸屬于任何其它機構，也獨立于任何黨派和 政治 權力而存在，向法院而不是政府部門負責。從管理體制看，各國的 法律 結構不同，對非營利組織管理的側重點不同，管理 機構也不盡相同，但一般趨向采用過程控制的原則以及在法治背景下的制度約束和社會規(guī)范。??對于建立公平和包容性社會的共同目標意義重大。在參與政策制定過程中與服務對象和其他利益相關者進行協(xié)商 。政府和志愿及社會部門一起建立評估系統(tǒng) 。其中，政府的責任主要包括 :承認和支持志愿及社會部門的獨立性 。在德國，有六大協(xié)會已經與政府建立了正式的合作關系，政府有義務就主要的社會發(fā)展問題同它們協(xié)商。如德國非營利組織收入的 68%來自政府，法國則占到 60%。在美、意、日等國，來自會費、收費活動和商業(yè)經營的收入所占的比例都在一半以上， 構成了非營利組織總收入的最大部分。民間捐贈，包括來自個人、基金會和 企業(yè) 的捐款，這是非營利組織獨特的收入來源，也是它們與公共部門及私人營利機構相區(qū)別的標志之一。英國非營利組織的傳統(tǒng)主要源于志愿互助和民間慈善，它們被稱為“志愿部門”，比我們通常意義上說的“非營利部門”的概念要窄，其歷