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外文翻譯---混合發(fā)電能量管理系統(tǒng)-管理系統(tǒng)(文件)

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【正文】 ect current generator voltage for to control the quantity, 2 6 may result in the system by chart 2 the mathematical model: Among them EMBED —female line electric voltage of direct current, EMBED —the wind power equips the exportation electric current, EMBED —the solar energy generates electricity to equip the exportation electric current, EMBED —the system transport the load get electric current, EMBED —the charged barbed wire transports to give or get an electric shock the direct current the part get electric current, an electric capacity of C—direct current. The usual renewable energy electric power facility investment is bigger, in order to fully displays its electricity generation the efficiency, reduces system cost the recycling cycle, the electric power facility uses the maximum work rate output for the control goal. Supposes each winddriven generator and each group of solar cell arrayal works in peak power output condition, wind power generation and solar energy electric power facility output total output distinction is EMBED and EMBED , system to its use factor distinction EMBED and EMBED , then (2 3) the formula may rewrite is System structure drawing like chart 2 7 show: May know by the 27 chart, the system input value are more, in view of a wind power solar energy mix generating system characteristic, uses the graduation fuzzy control in here us the strategy to e to the system to carry on the control, and designs four level of graduation fuzzy controllers to realize to mixes the generating system to carry on thee energy management and the control. System structure drawing like chart 2 8 show: The burden of the system is to be provided directly by the direct current electric power and through go against to change the machine exportation, the stability of the direct current electric voltage bees direct influence39。 When EMBED small in expect to be worth, can the renewable energy is in addition to the system burden in addition to providing the energy, still wanting toward direct current to keep the ability ponent electric capacity to pensate the electric power, raise the direct current side electric voltage, from can the renewable energy angle to see, need to provide the energy to be strengthen in the foundation for load: As a result define to output here EMBED for load the load strength of the opposite system energy. Xrated output the biggest power with a strong wind energy of influence EMBED and load the opposite system energy strength EMBED be the importation of the xrated misty controller, output EMBED is the utilization of the wind energy EMBED , be to output to provide to the breeze electrical engineering controller, control the set that the breeze electrical engineering open number, among them is The solar energy importation EMBED the moderate breezes machine provides the system the opposite energy the burden the strength shortage part EMBED = 75 EMBED EMBED conduct and actions the fourth class importation of the misty controller, take output for the utilization that solar energy generate electricity EMBED namely EMBED is: The fourth cascade control output EMBED and the third cascade control output EMBED affects to the electricity generation control device to the load power supply. When EMBED and EMBED cannot satisfy the load request, when the direct ponent voltage is lower than 192 V, puts through the electrical work, can a solar energy mix generating system provide the electrical energy together by the electrical work gentle breeze。開發(fā)風(fēng)力一太陽能互補發(fā)電系統(tǒng),將風(fēng)力與太陽能技術(shù)加以綜合利用,從而構(gòu)成一種互補的可分散布點的新型能源,將是本世紀(jì)能源結(jié)構(gòu)中一個新的 增長點。 由于風(fēng)電機(jī)組、太陽能電池陣列的輸出功率和負(fù)荷功率受外界因素 的影響,變動范圍較大,因而對控制和優(yōu)化發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的能量管理也提出了較高的要求。 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)( Data Acquisition System,簡稱 DAS):用于采集檢測太陽能電池輸出功率、風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)輸出功率、系統(tǒng)直流部分的電壓、負(fù)載功率,并把采集到的系統(tǒng)運行有關(guān)信息,提供能量管理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分析處理。系統(tǒng)的負(fù)載和直流部分的連接是通過逆變器來實現(xiàn)的,直流側(cè)經(jīng)過 PWM逆變器,轉(zhuǎn)換為電壓恒定、波形良好的交流電能,提供給負(fù)載。能量管理系統(tǒng)在可再生能源大于負(fù)荷需求時,切斷部分太陽能、風(fēng)電機(jī);可再生能源不能滿足基本負(fù)載要求時,在充分利用可再生能源的前提下,不足部分由市電來進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)难a充,取系統(tǒng)的最大負(fù)荷為750kW . 在供電 系統(tǒng)中,系統(tǒng)發(fā)電與負(fù)荷有功功率的平衡,是系統(tǒng)安全穩(wěn)定運行的必要條件。取 EMBED 、 EMBED EMBED [ 0,1],則 5 EMBED 和 5 EMBED 分別表示風(fēng)力機(jī)啟用的臺數(shù)和太陽能電池陣列啟用的組數(shù); EMBED 和 EMBED ,分別為市電開關(guān)控制變量和二類負(fù)載的提供率,本文定義 EMBED 、 EMBED 為開關(guān)函數(shù),取值 “ 0 ” 或 “1” ;當(dāng) EMBED =1表示電網(wǎng)接入混合發(fā)電系統(tǒng), EMBED = 0 表示電網(wǎng)從混合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中切除; EMBED =1表示二類負(fù)載接入混合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)投入工作, EMBED =0則表示二類負(fù)載從混合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)切除。 二類負(fù)載未工作情況下,其負(fù)載功率檢測較困難,為了避免二類負(fù)載的頻繁投徹 ;本文根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的負(fù)載配置情況,設(shè)二類負(fù)載最大功率為 EMBED ,當(dāng) EMBED + EMBED > EMBED + EMBED 把二類負(fù)載投入運行,即 EMBED = 1 ( 5)規(guī)則五 為了提高系統(tǒng)直流部分電壓的穩(wěn)定性,當(dāng)吸<204V時,把二類負(fù)載從系統(tǒng)中撤出,即 EMBED = 0 當(dāng) EMBED >230V時,自動把二類負(fù)載投入運行,即 EMBED = 1 EMBED >240V時,自動切除所有的可再生能源發(fā)電裝置對直流母線進(jìn)行供電,即 EMBED = EMBED = EMBED =0, EMBED = 1 針對系統(tǒng)多輸入多輸出、變化復(fù)雜的特點,本系統(tǒng)采用智能控制中的模糊控制技術(shù)( Fuzzy Control, 簡稱FC)來實現(xiàn)對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行管理和控制;研究并設(shè)計了一種基于分級模糊控制( Hierarchical Fuzzy Control,簡稱HFC)算法的能量管理系統(tǒng)。使得復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)按人類的思維方式進(jìn)行運作和處理成為可能,為模糊控制器的形成奠定了基礎(chǔ),并得到世界各國的學(xué)者和工程技術(shù)人員廣泛的重視和應(yīng)用。 ( 2)知識庫 知識庫描述形式主要有兩種:數(shù)據(jù)庫和規(guī)則庫。 ( 3)推理和解模糊接口 推理時,控制器推理機(jī)根據(jù)輸入的模糊量,經(jīng)模糊控制規(guī)則來求解模糊關(guān)系方程,獲取模糊控制器的模糊控制量。 由系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)圖可知,系統(tǒng)直流母線電壓的變化直接影響系統(tǒng)給負(fù)載提供電能的質(zhì)量和可靠性,因而穩(wěn)定的直流電壓是系統(tǒng)工作可靠 性和性能的一個重要指標(biāo)。 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖如圖 2- 8所示: 系統(tǒng)的負(fù)荷是由直流電能直接提供和經(jīng)逆變器輸出,直流電壓的穩(wěn)定性成為直接影。 通??稍偕茉窗l(fā)電裝置的投資較大,為了充分發(fā)揮其發(fā)電的效率,縮短系統(tǒng)成本的回收周期,發(fā)電裝 置多采用最大功率輸出為控制目標(biāo)。通常把推理和輸出端具有把模糊量轉(zhuǎn)化為清晰值的過程稱為解模糊。 規(guī)則庫是基于專家知識和有豐富經(jīng)驗的操作人員根據(jù)長期積累的經(jīng)驗,按人的直覺推理的一 種語言表示形式。模糊控制器的組成框圖如圖 2- 3所示 它 包括:輸入量模糊化接口,知識庫 (數(shù)據(jù)庫和規(guī)則庫),推理機(jī)和解模糊接口 。它的產(chǎn)生不僅拓廣了經(jīng)典數(shù)學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ),而且是使計算機(jī)科學(xué)向模擬人類思維方面發(fā)展的重大突破。 ( 2)規(guī)則二 根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的工作特點,取直流側(cè)端電壓 EMBED 期望值為 216V,當(dāng)可再生能源可輸出最大功率大于負(fù)載要求時,可再生能源不向電網(wǎng)輸送電能。為了不使系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)過于復(fù)雜,在這里對蓄電池的處理不予以考慮。 在風(fēng)力、太陽能和負(fù)荷構(gòu)成的發(fā)電、用電系統(tǒng)中,由于風(fēng)速、日照強(qiáng) 度和其它氣候條件的變化,風(fēng)電機(jī)組、太陽能電池陣列的輸出功率和負(fù)
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