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,Kroger K, Schelo C, Gocke C, et al. Colour Doppler sonographic diagnosis of upper limb venous thromboses[J]. Clin Sci (Lond),1998,94(6):657661. Syed Mustafa, M., et al., upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. CHEST, 2003,第四頁,共二十九頁。ngm224。i)接受化療、伴隨疾?。ǜ哐獕?、糖尿病、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病、 30內肺部感染),Munoz F J, Mismetti P, Poggio R, et al. Clinical outcome of patients with upperextremity deep vein thrombosis: results from the RIETE Registry[J]. Chest,2008,133(1):143148,第七頁,共二十九頁。)多中心研究,Hylton V. Joffe N K V F. UpperExtremity Deep Vein Thrombosis A Prospective Registry of 592 Patients[J]. Circulation,2004,12(110):16051611,第九頁,共二十九頁。n)的:患側肢體紅斑、淺表靜脈曲張、肢體功能障礙、胸痛、呼吸困難、頸部腫脹 無癥狀:約5%,第十頁,共二十九頁。,D二聚體,Merminodet al,2006, Switzerland: 500ug/L 多普勒超聲確診 52例懷疑UEDVT中: 1.Ddimer陽性:15/52 29% 2.并發(fā)腫瘤中:8/23 34.8% 3.CVC : 6/18 33% 4.無腫瘤、CVC:4/22 18% 診斷的敏感性為100%,特異性為14%, 陽性預測(y249。,低回聲(hu237。n),第十六頁,共二十九頁。zhī)深靜脈血栓形成),第十八頁,共二十九頁。) 手術取栓術 Grant, J.D., et al., Diag