【正文】 ssical garden英國(guó)式園林English style garden中英混合式園林AngloChinese style garden意大利式園林Italian style garden西班牙式園林Spanish style garden法蘭西式園林French style garden勒諾特爾式園林Le Notre’s style garden文藝復(fù)興莊園Renaissance style villa洛可可式園林Rococo style garden巴洛克式園林Baroque style garden莊園manor, villa garden廊柱園peristyle garden, patio綠廊xystus迷陣maze, labyrinth典型中西園林靈囿Ling You Hunting Garden靈沼Ling Zhao Water Garden靈臺(tái)Ling Tai Platform Garden阿房宮EPang Palace上林苑ShangLin Yuan未央宮WeiYang Palace洛陽(yáng)宮Luoyang Palace華清官HuaQing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圓明園YuanMing Yuan Imperial Garden頤和園YiHe Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace承德避暑山莊Chengde Imperial Summer Resort蘇州園林Suzhou traditional garden懸園Hanging Garden英國(guó)皇家植物園Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden凡爾賽宮苑Versailles Palace Park楓丹白露宮園Fontainebleau Palace Garden園林設(shè)計(jì)園林設(shè)計(jì)師landscape architect, garden designer園址測(cè)量圖garden site survey map地形圖topographic map, contour map種植設(shè)計(jì)planting design地形改造設(shè)計(jì)topographical reform design種植大樣圖detail planting design造價(jià)分析cost analysis園林形式garden style規(guī)整式園林formal garden style非規(guī)整園林informal garden style幾何式園林geometric garden style自然式園林natural garden style混合式園林mixed garden style近代巴洛克式園林modern Baroque abstract garden園林區(qū)劃garden area division園林分區(qū)規(guī)劃garden block planning庭院花園courtyard garden前庭front yard, forecourt后庭back yard, rear yard中庭patio廚園kitchen yard沉[床]園sunken garden窗園window garden墻園wall garden宅園home garden臺(tái)地園terrace garden冬園winter garden切花園cut flower garden屋頂花園roof garden后花園back yard garden園林地形改造topographical reform of garden土山earth piled hill, artificial mound假山rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石Taihu Lake stone, water modelled stone黃石yellowish brown stone人造假山石artificial stone, manmade stone孤賞石monolith, standing stone掇山piled stone hill, hill making疊石stones laying板石flag stone散點(diǎn)石scattered stone抱角石corner stone屋基石foundation stone排衙石guard stone屏石screen stone石岸rock bank石階stone steps汀步stepping stone on water surface附壁石stone appended to wall石花臺(tái)stone flower bed石凳stone bench假山石擋土墻rock retaining wall干砌石dry stone wall假山石樓梯rock stairway石亭stone pavilion石洞stone cavern石窟grotto置石stone arrangement, stone layout拱石arch stone拱頂石key stone園林水景water scenes of garden水體water body水面water surface水池pool水塘pond噴泉fountain噴水池fountain pool涉水池wading pool倒影池mirror pool, reflecting pool睡蓮池waterlily pool噴水管布置piping schema釣魚塘fishing pond高水位池塘high water table pond池邊坐人矮墻seat wall surrounded pool隱頭噴泉secret fountain島園island garden半島園peninsula garden小島isle瀑布waterfall小瀑布cascade湖lake磯rock projecting over water水簾洞water curtain cave園橋garden bridge拱橋arch bridge石板橋stone slab bridge木板橋plank bridge圓木橋log bridge亭橋pavilion bridge曲橋zigzag bridge壁泉wall fountain飲水噴頭drinking fountain植物配植plant arrangement樹木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs群植group planting, mass planting孤植specimen planting, isolated planting叢植clump planting組植group planting林植forest planting列植linear planting對(duì)植opposite planting, coupled planting環(huán)植circular planting帶植belt planting散植scattered planting, loose planting邊界種植boundary planting整形種植architectural planting角隅種植corner planting景框種植planting as enframent門衛(wèi)種植guard planting籬恒種植fence planting障景種植screen planting背景種植background planting林下種植underwood planting路邊種植roadside planting綠籬hedge樹墻espalier庭蔭樹shade tree園景樹specimen tree風(fēng)景林amenity forest, ornamental forest行道樹avenue tree,street tree紀(jì)念林memorial forest整型樹topiary tree花籬flower hedge’刺籬thorny plants hedge常綠綠籬evergreen hedge落葉綠籬deciduous hedge高籬high hedge溝中邊籬hahhah fence圖案矮籬pattern dwarf hedge迷宮綠籬labyrinth hedge整剪綠籬clipped hedge自然式花籬natural flowering hedge邊籬boundary fence園籬garden fence, garden hedge純林pure forest混交林mixed forest林間隙地open space in woodland雜木林spinney樹冠覆蓋面tree canopy草坪lawn整形草坪formal lawn開花草坪flowering lawn牧場(chǎng)草坪meadowy land花壇flower bed路邊花壇roadside flower bed帶狀花壇ribbon flower bed時(shí)鐘花壇flower clock盆栽花壇potted flower bed, basined flower bed高設(shè)花臺(tái)raised flower bed毛氈花壇carpet bed鑲嵌花壇mosaic bed鋪石花壇paved bed灌木花壇shrub bed圖案花壇群parterre草藥花壇herbaceous flower bed花結(jié)花壇knot bed整形花壇formal flower bed花境flower border花桶flower tub植樹箱planting box活動(dòng)花壇movable flower bed瓶飾garden vase灌木花境shrub border混合花境mixed border園林道路設(shè)計(jì)garden road design, garden path design漫步路trail, footway小徑alley, path川草坪島lawn island安全島traffic island, refuge island轉(zhuǎn)彎曲度turning curvature轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑turning radius踏面landing pitch步石stepping stone涉水踏步wading step錯(cuò)鋪路crazy paving path隨意組合方石板路flag stone path paved at random花紋路pattern path林蔭路mall林蔭大道boulevard花園路parkway林間小道path in woodland種植池planting bed樹干保護(hù)套欄tree guard樹池坐凳矮墻seatwallsurrounded planting路面線紋score line第二篇：材料學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯材料學(xué)專業(yè)英語詞匯化學(xué)元素（elements）化學(xué)元素，簡(jiǎn)稱元素，是化學(xué)元素周期表中的基本組成，現(xiàn)有113種元素，其中原子序數(shù)從93到113號(hào)的元素是人造元素?？煞譃樵偕w維、合成纖維、醋酯纖維、無機(jī)纖維等。超導(dǎo)(Superconduct)物質(zhì)在某個(gè)溫度下電阻為零的現(xiàn)象為超導(dǎo)，我們稱具有超導(dǎo)性質(zhì)的材料為超導(dǎo)體。材料科學(xué)與工程(materials science and engineering)材料科學(xué)與工程是研究有關(guān)材料的成份、結(jié)構(gòu)和制造工藝與其性能和使用性能間相互關(guān)系的知識(shí)及這些知識(shí)的應(yīng)用，是一門應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)。組織是相的形態(tài)、分布的圖象，其中用肉眼和放大鏡觀察到的為宏觀組織，用顯微鏡觀察到的為顯微組織，用電子顯微鏡觀察到的為電子顯微組織。使用性能(performance)材料在具體的使用條件和環(huán)境下所表現(xiàn)出來的行為 電負(fù)性(electro negativity)周期表中各元素的原子吸引電子能力的一種相對(duì)標(biāo)度為電負(fù)性，又稱負(fù)電性。②RS密立根從電離勢(shì)和電子親合能計(jì)算的絕對(duì)電負(fù)性。電離能小的金屬原子(如 堿金屬)和電子親合能大的非金屬原子(如鹵素)接近時(shí),前者將失去電子形成正離子,后者將獲得電子形成負(fù)離子,正負(fù)離子通過庫(kù)侖作用相互吸引。這對(duì)電子的自旋方向相反,集中在中間區(qū)域,并吸引帶正電的兩個(gè)原子的核心部分而把它們結(jié)合起來。金屬鍵的顯著特征是成鍵電子可在整個(gè)聚集體中流動(dòng),這使金屬呈現(xiàn)出特有的屬性:良好的導(dǎo)熱性和導(dǎo)電性、高的熱容和熵值、延展性和金屬光澤等。X、Y原子的電負(fù)性越大、半徑越小, 則形成的氫鍵越強(qiáng)。氫鍵的鍵能比較小,通常只有17～25千焦/摩爾。在紅外光譜中氫鍵XH…Y的形成使XH的特征振動(dòng)頻率變小并伴有帶的加寬和強(qiáng)度的增加。固體物質(zhì)中絕大多數(shù)都是晶體,如金屬、合金、硅酸鹽,大多數(shù)無機(jī)化合物和一些有機(jī)化合物,甚至植物纖維都是晶體。固體物質(zhì)是否為晶體,一般用X射線衍射法予以鑒定。非晶（amorphism）與晶體不同，非晶體原子排列是短程有序、長(zhǎng)程無序，固體的性能是各向同性的。液晶材料都是有機(jī)化合物，有小分子也有高分子，其數(shù)量已近萬種，通常將其分為二大類，熱致液晶和溶致液晶。基元(element)組成晶體的原子、離子、分子或原子團(tuán)統(tǒng)稱稱為晶體的基本結(jié)構(gòu)單元，簡(jiǎn)稱基元。反映晶體結(jié)構(gòu)三維周期性的晶格將晶體劃分為一個(gè)個(gè)彼此互相并置而等同的平行六面體,即為晶胞。面心立方結(jié)構(gòu)（fcc——facecenteredcubic），體心立方結(jié)構(gòu)（bcc——bodycenteredcubic）和密排六方結(jié)構(gòu)（hcp——hexagonal closepacked）金屬所具有的典型晶體結(jié)構(gòu)為面心立方結(jié)構(gòu)（fcc）（圖227），體心立方結(jié)構(gòu)（bcc）（圖228）和密排六方結(jié)構(gòu)（hcp）（圖229），皆