【正文】 tween China and West from Courtesy Language 1. Introduction Language is basically a product of culture, Language coexists with culture. Courtesy language, as part of language, is no doubt a reflection of culture. It is an indispensable part in the daily life. It is the social phenomenon shared by all the societies. Courtesy language directly determines the success of the munication. It generally exists in every language. But due to the cultural differences between China and west, people may have different understandings about the politeness, and they deal with politeness in different ways. When municating with people from different cultures, one should pay close attention to the connotation due to different cultural values。因此禮貌用語(yǔ)作為語(yǔ)言的一部分與文化也是密不可分的，禮貌是文化的重要組成部分 .英漢文化不同，英漢語(yǔ)言的禮貌原則也存在差異。成都 XX學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 i Cultural Differences between China and West from Courtesy Language Abstract: Language, as part of culture, is influenced by culture. So is courtesy. Courtesy language is the important part of the culture. All the courtesy languages are the mirrors to their cultures. Different cultures between China and West lead to different politeness principles. Courtesy language plays a very important role in the crosscultural munication. It is the basic element to keep a good relationship. Whether the use of courtesy languages is proper or not will directly influence the munication. This article tries to analyze the cultural differences between Chinese and Western courtesy languages in their causes and effects on the crosscultural munication, such as: addressing, greeting, pliments and responses and taboos. And, the paper deeply analyzes the causes for the differences from the histories, customs and social norms. The purpose is to know the use of the courtesy language and improve crosscultural munication. Key words: courtesy language。禮貌用語(yǔ)在跨文化交際中起著十分重要的作用 ,是良好的人際關(guān)系得以維持的基石。 otherwise it might cause misunderstandings in actual interactions for improper usage and expression. It will lead to failures in munications. This article tries to analyze the differences and the reasons of the differences in order to make the crosscultural munication successful. 2. Differences in courtesy language between China and western In the second chapter, English courtesy language has been pared with Chinese courtesy language in the specific cases and situations such as addressings, greetings, pliments and taboo. Addressing Addressing is the mirror to the interpersonal relation and cultural convention. People are noticeably sensitive to the implications of different address forms, so it bees very important to choose appropriate addressing forms for different occasions if one wants to fulfill politeness. The main function of addressing forms in the crosscultural munication is to draw addressees? attention, but they also help to establish or maintain social bonds, strengthen solidarity or show deference, the appropriate addressing does a great contribution to enhance the mutual understanding and trust while the misuse of addressing will arouse repugnance and 成都 XX學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 2 suspicion from each other.(曹鳳靜 ,2021). Gu says that in parison with other maxims, the address maxim can be seen as being essentially all expressions of linguistic politeness. A failure to use an appropriate address term is a sign of rudeness, or a signal of a breakdown of established social relation. Addressing in China is a way to show respectfulness and attitudinal warmth (Gu, 1990, ). Addressing forms can be divided into the following categories: (a) personal names, which include given names, surnames, full names or nicknames such as Alice, Bevin, Mr. Smith in English and Mao Zedong毛澤東 ,Wang Xiansheng 王先生 in Chinese。 another possible explanation is that Chinese 成都 XX學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 3 people do not fet to respect others and denigrate themselves even in addressing. We do not adapt to calling Westerners by their given names and automatically add some titles when we address foreigners. We consider it more polite than firstnaming. As a matter of fact, Westerners may feel offended at not being called by their given names and conclude that Chinese are unwilling to make friends with them. The different use of official and occupational titles Western addresses are occasionally linked with official or occupational titles due to the reason that the equality and justice arc emphasized in the Western culture. And therefore, Western people do not intentionally show their official or occupational distinction in their address forms. For example, address forms like Engineer Smith, or General Manager Bush are not allowed in English. However, the situation is quite different in China. Almost all the official, administrative titles can be used as addressing forms with or without the given name. The addresses like Manage Liu， Director Chert, Division Commander Luo will be found everywhere in China. Chinese culture emphasizes the different social status and power, and therefore, the official title is used to manifest the social status of the other while the occupational title is to differentiate the social role of the other. That is the reason why the high social status and the decent job will be manifested in addressing (Abrams,2021. ). As for the social and occupational titles, it should be pointed out that some titles bined with surname, which are mon in Chinese, are unacceptable in English. Native English speakers do not say Teacher Kane, Engineer Smith or General Manager Jones. In English speaking munities, there is no need to add titles to show the achievements, importance or seniority of the addressees. The addressing like Xu Shifu徐師傅 , He Yeye何爺爺 , Li Buzhang李部長(zhǎng) etc, has no English equivalents at all. Greetings Greetings are important as well as frequent in everyday social interactions all ov