【正文】 nicating with people from different cultures, one should pay close attention to the connotation due to different cultural values。 otherwise it might cause misunderstandings in actual interactions for improper usage and expression. It will lead to failures in munications. This article tries to analyze the differences and the reasons of the differences in order to make the crosscultural munication successful. 2. Differences in courtesy language between China and western In the second chapter, English courtesy language has been pared with Chinese courtesy language in the specific cases and situations such as addressings, greetings, pliments and taboo. Addressing Addressing is the mirror to the interpersonal relation and cultural convention. People are noticeably sensitive to the implications of different address forms, so it bees very important to choose appropriate addressing forms for different occasions if one wants to fulfill politeness. The main function of addressing forms in the crosscultural munication is to draw addressees? attention, but they also help to establish or maintain social bonds, strengthen solidarity or show deference, the appropriate addressing does a great contribution to enhance the mutual understanding and trust while the misuse of addressing will arouse repugnance and 成都 XX學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 2 suspicion from each other.(曹鳳靜 ,2021). Gu says that in parison with other maxims, the address maxim can be seen as being essentially all expressions of linguistic politeness. A failure to use an appropriate address term is a sign of rudeness, or a signal of a breakdown of established social relation. Addressing in China is a way to show respectfulness and attitudinal warmth (Gu, 1990, ). Addressing forms can be divided into the following categories: (a) personal names, which include given names, surnames, full names or nicknames such as Alice, Bevin, Mr. Smith in English and Mao Zedong毛澤東 ,Wang Xiansheng 王先生 in Chinese。 (b) kinship terms like father, uncle, aunt in English and Ge(ge)哥哥 , Jie(jie)姐姐 in Chinese。 (c)titles, including social titles, official titles and occupational mon social titles in English are Mr., Miss, sir。 in Chinese are Xiansheng先生 , Xiaojie小姐 , Shifu師傅 , Tongzhi同志 etc. There are offical titles indicating one?s ranks, for example, Prime Minister, Captain in English and Zongli總理 , Shengzhang省長 , Chuzhang處長 in Chinese. Occupational titles are to show occupation, such as Professor, Doctor and Daifu大夫 , Hushi護(hù)士 (Jiang Zhongheng, 1995, ). The different use of the firstnaming Firstnaming has a very high frequency of occurrence in Englishspeaking countries. As Chaika stated, “Recently in America， there has been a strong trend toward firstnaming. Firstnaming, originally a sign of considerable intimacy and radeship between close friends, relatives, neighbors, classmates and colleagues, has now extended itself to strangers, people of asymmetrical age and status”(Chaika, 1982, ). Nowadays, it is more and more mon for people to exchange mutual or reciprocal address. It should be noted that the reciprocal use of first names is informal. Its main purpose is to stress solidarity and deliberately avoid any manifestation of differences in social status(Jiang Zhongheng, 1995, ). Western culture allows status or age inferiors to firstname their superiors, for example: students and employees may address professors and bosses in first name. In contrast, the Chinese culture strictly forbids this. A failure to address elders in a respectful way may be regarded as a sign of rudeness, or a deviation from the established social order. In Chinese, the reciprocal use of first names is strictly limited to status equals of the same sex. One explanation is that addressing by given names in Chinese indicates a much closer relationship between female and male than it does in English。 another possible explanation is that Chinese 成都 XX學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 3 people do not fet to respect others and denigrate themselves even in addressing. We do not adapt to calling Westerners by their given names and automatically add some titles when we address foreigners. We consider it more polite than firstnaming. As a matter of fact, Westerners may feel offended at not being called by their given names and conclude that Chinese are unwilling to make friends with them. The different use of official and occupational titles Western addresses are occasionally linked with official or occupational titles due to the reason that the equality and justice arc emphasized in the Western culture. And therefore, Western people do not intentionally show their official or occupational distinction in their address forms. For example, address forms like Engineer Smith, or General Manager Bush are not allowed in English. However, the situation is quite different in China. Almost all the official, administrative titles can be used as addressing forms with or without the given name. The addresses like Manage Liu， Director Chert, Division Commander Luo will be found everywhere in China. Chinese culture emphasizes the different social status and power, and therefore, the official title is used to manifest the social status of the other while the occupational title is to differentiate the social role of the other. That is the reason why the high social status and the decent job will be manifested in addressing (Abrams,2021. ). As for the social and occupational titles, it should be pointed out that some titles bined with surname, which are mon in Chinese, are unacceptable in English. Native English speakers do not say Teacher Kane, Engineer Smith or General Manager Jones. In English speaking munities, there is no need to add titles to show the achievements, importance or seniority of the addressees. The addressing like Xu Shifu徐師傅 , He Yeye何爺爺 , Li Buzhang李部長 etc, has no English