【正文】 if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, ：when, where, how, why 作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句是中學(xué)階段的一個重要語法項目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題各有變化。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been ，還沒有宣布。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, mand等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如： I want to know what he has told 。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：；；；“or not”時；。例如： he studies English every day.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）he studied English last term.（從句用一般過去時）I know(that)he will study English next year.（從句用一般將來時）he has studied English since 1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時）當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。I don’t believe he will do 。例如： The fact is that we have lost the 。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen 。That he likes you is very 。(引導(dǎo)主語從句，不能用 if 代替 whether) who(m), whose, which, what 等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，均有各自的意義，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。Tell me which one you like 。Why he did it will remain a puzzle 。I don’t know what you want is 。注：what 后的名詞可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但通常不能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，并且后接不可數(shù)名詞時，有時可有l(wèi)ittle修飾，兩者的區(qū)別是：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，what little+不可數(shù)名詞=雖少但全部。如：Whoever wants the book may have 。誤：Who es will be wele./ Anyone es will be ：Whoever es will be wele./ Anyone who es will be ，它們也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其意為“無論?”、“不管?”，其意相當(dāng)于 no matter who [what, which]。(whoever = no matter who)注：whoever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時既用作主格也用作賓語；作賓語時不宜用 whomever，因為在現(xiàn)代英語中 whomever 這個已幾乎廢棄不用。t ，因此我沒來。（五）名詞性從句的時態(tài)問題，賓語從句若不是一個客觀事實或真理，其謂語動詞也必須用某種過去時態(tài)。, if 這兩個詞既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。三．解題方法靈活用從句的解題方法或步驟：第一步：先分析出大的類別—— 定從？/名從？/狀從？ 即分析所缺部分在主句中的成分 從而確定從句大的類別 第二步：口訣逐一解決：(I)名詞性從句。例如A puter can only do _________ you have instructed it to do.(01年31題) 解：第一步：先分析出大的類別A puter can only do中的do是及物動詞，后面缺少do的對象，所以考察名詞性從句問題第二步：口訣——先成分后含義從句you have instructed it to do中的do是及物動詞，后面缺少do的對象，所以前面的空在后面的從句內(nèi)充當(dāng)名詞性成分，所以可以選擇的引導(dǎo)詞就可以排除AD(因為這兩個引導(dǎo)詞在從句中是充當(dāng)狀語的)，而選項B是名詞性從句中不存在的引導(dǎo)詞，所以B也不對，最后就剩下一個正確選項C如此這樣一步一步下來，逐一進(jìn)行排除和選擇，最終總是可以直接定位到正確的答案。t know _______.” what city does she e from city does she e from makes mistakes must correct got I got reason why I didn39。ll 18.—“Why did you go to the wrong class, ”—“Well, I forget _______ I was supposed to go to.” the room room was the room room was it is now six times ________ it was before which : Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she39。t know which room lived lived in they live they live in little boy ate ________ his mother gave matter what city is no longer it is it used to be it was it used to be parents used ________ they had to get a new car for what we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of …do …do…does…does was the idea _______ the wife thought of…that …what…why…h(huán)ow did he tell his wife ________ he wished to do…what …that…which …where of the men held the view ________ the book said was that what which that have no idea ________ or not he has finished the 41.—“Do you know ________”—“His father is a doctor.” is his father is his father his father is his father is this ________ we met each other two years ago in which which ________ Bob drives that thought what that thought that all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living wherever discussed ________ they could settle the problem without others39。t take medicine made his mother the day was fine, I made the suggestion ________ for a walk in the go will go we go we go we can39。ll go camping tomorrow depends on the really means is ________he disagrees with … that … what … that … what going to do the job will be decided by the Party we39。m considering now _________ the money we you tell me __________ is that gentleman gentleman is who that gentleman is is that gentleman the room last ought to turn off the person is well known _________ a person eats causes changes in the what, when, and how energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their was soon told ________ he did was not what should think carefully about ________ said at the you point out ________ two radios are the best will easily know ________ video recorders(錄相機(jī))are the those of those all of of those you have seen things like these before doesn39。t Miss Smith arrived have almost forgotten 39。s face is like true value of life is not in ________, but you get …that you give you got what you give you get …what you give do you get…what do you give you know ________ is this used for this is used for this is used this is used for surprised me most was …that she spoke Japanese so well …h(huán)ow could she speak Japanese so well …that she spoke Japanese so well …why she could speak Japanese so well is to interests Mary really really interests really interests Mary really interest Mary were greatly amused by you have told us you had told us you told us you told us puters are different from we expected we expected we have expected we expect Tom liked to eat was different from …that you had expected…what you had expected …that you had expected …what you had expected1．The notice came around two in the afternoon________the meeting would be postponed.(2012江蘇，26)C．whenA．When 3．________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the pany.(2013浙江，16)A．howC．whichA．whichC．how．Police have found________appears to be the lost ancient statue.(2013新課標(biāo)全國，24)A．howC．thatA．howC．whatB．which D．what B．whether D．why 13．It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.(2012天津，9)A．whetherB．how C．ifD．when 17．As many as five courses ar