【正文】 rains, I usually go to school by ，我通常坐公共汽車上學(xué)。如：Do you know where he lives?表語從句用作表語，如：My opinion is that you should not go 。例如:I will never forget the day when we first met.（同位語從句, when為連接詞）That is the special day(which/that)I will never forget.（定語從句，which/that為關(guān)系副詞）This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago.（同位語從句, where為連接詞）This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago.（定語從句，where為關(guān)系副詞）區(qū)分表語從句和同位語從句從句是相對于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個(gè)主句，而不能單獨(dú)作一個(gè)句子。We Chinese people are brave and 。himself和John都是單一的字作同位語,與其同位成分之間不用逗點(diǎn)隔開。s是受詞Tom的同位語,指同一人。, our new teacher, is very kind to 。而wherever本身就是個(gè)連詞，表示“在何處，無論何處”。You should have put the book where you found ?！咀⒁狻看司湫屯ǔＷg成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在從句后面時(shí)，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時(shí)，一般都不用there。例如：You can go where you like as long as you get back before ，只要在天黑以前回來就行。s about to tell a “說實(shí)在話”的時(shí)候，我猜想他就要說謊了。By the time you e here tomorrow, I will have finished this ，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his 。當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the ，馬上趕到了出事地點(diǎn)。It is five months since our boss was in 。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí)，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。t work until he came 。t go to bed until（till）my father came 。（從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用一般過去時(shí)）。My father had left for Canada just before the letter 。After表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。（as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個(gè)動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開始下雪的特定時(shí)間）。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時(shí)發(fā)生)I like playing football while you like playing ，而你喜歡打籃球。(瞬時(shí)動詞)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for ，我常常為他擔(dān)水。Our headmaster laughed as she 。例如：When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know ，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。（這是由as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句中的謂語動詞arrive是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示一般將來時(shí)，決不可用will arrive）As soon as I have finished this work, I will go ，就回家。狀語從句可分為：；(adverbial clause of time)；(adverbial clause of place)；(adverbial clause of cause)；(adverbial clause of condition)；(adverbial clause of purpose)；(adverbial clause of concession)；(adverbial clause of parison)；(adverbial clause of degree)；(adverbial clause of manner)。I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike ，而他恰恰與我相反。狀語從句分為時(shí)間狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句，條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置，根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時(shí)的that常被省略，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時(shí)，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語，用來表示地點(diǎn)的定語從句〔注〕值得一提的是，表示時(shí)間“time“一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo)By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two still remember the first time I met time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush ，修飾名詞作定語，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí)，常用there is來引導(dǎo)二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立，that有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have ，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。例如：14）He thought he was working for the people．15）I heard she had been to the Great W all．16）John hoped that he would find a job soon．但賓語從句如果表示定理法則、永恒真理等，則不變化：17）The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun定語從句定語從句內(nèi)容提要定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個(gè)成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。例如：13）漢譯英：我原以為你今天有空的。因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)習(xí)慣了特殊疑問句，如W hat time does the plane arrive in Paris？就順口說出“Do you know what time does the plane arrive in Paris？”這種錯(cuò)誤句子來。t tell me how old his friend was．（四川?。╤ow引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作程度狀語，修飾old，意為“怎樣；如何”等意。）7）Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？（天津市）4．連接副詞when，where，why，how：起連接作用，分別作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式狀語，各有其自己的意義。例如：5）He asked me whether or not I was ing．他問我是否要來。以下再有這種例句，都為2002年中考題，只寫某地。1．連詞that：只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中或非正式文體中常被省略。賓語從句是初中英語中最重要的一種從句，它內(nèi)容完整，句型結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)搭配要求嚴(yán)格，在中考試題中頻頻出現(xiàn)。even if(=even though)▲ 在句末表示“然而”as表示“盡管”，從句的表語、狀語等成分要倒裝。該結(jié)構(gòu)常見于： +形／副＋that +形＋a(an)＋單數(shù)名詞＋that ＋many/much＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞（不可數(shù)名詞）+thatsuch…that “如此的…以致于”表結(jié)果。 that, so…that, such…thatso that “以便”、“結(jié)果”表目的和結(jié)果。when表時(shí)間，從句既可以用延續(xù)性動詞，又可以用瞬間動詞。as表時(shí)間，與when相似，但側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動作同點(diǎn)或同段進(jìn)行。注意：在從句中有情態(tài)動詞表目的。該結(jié)構(gòu)常見于：＋a(an)＋形＋名詞＋that ＋形＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞／不可數(shù)名詞＋that, although, as，though, although在句首表“盡管”兩者都可以用。, however,wherever, whenever它們是what, how, where, when的強(qiáng)勢語氣。而且學(xué)好賓語從句也可為到高中學(xué)習(xí)間接引語、主語從句、表語從句及同位語從句打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。例如：1）He knew（that）he should work hard．2）I am glad（that）you39。）4）Tom didn39。（該句中的whether不能換成if，因?yàn)閕f不能與or連用。例如：8）I wonder where he got so much money．對他從哪里弄到那么多錢我感到疑惑。）第二關(guān)，牢記賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序，即“連接詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他”。但是一旦我們注意了，我們不久就習(xí)慣于說“Do you know what time the plane arrives in Paris？”了。誤：I thought（that）you are free today．正：I thought（that）you would be free today． 錯(cuò)句中賓語從句用are很可能是因?yàn)橛?today，但因?yàn)橹骶渲^語是thought，所以從句謂語就該用過去將來時(shí)would be了。狀語從句分為時(shí)間狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句，條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike ，而他恰恰與我相反。名詞從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句及there be句型。We arrived the day that(on which)they 。(adverbial clause of result)167。（從句中的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have finished，表示將來完成時(shí),決不可用will have finished）If he es back, please let me ，請通知我。When truth is buried under the gr