【正文】 ” we can also find a lot of metaphor in the speech of using metaphor, author can show us a vivid image, and the article will bee more , I will pare the religious features from the view of languages of the two we all know that religion is an indispensable part of western all the presidents like to delivery their speeches in the name of Obama39。s speech.“What is required of us now is a new era of responsibilitya recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world。關(guān)鍵詞：就職演說；肯尼迪；奧巴馬；變革與傳承中圖分類號(hào)：D815 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：16725409(2009)08005802從1789年美國(guó)第一任總統(tǒng)華盛頓就職以來，美國(guó)歷屆新任總統(tǒng)在就職典禮上發(fā)表演說已經(jīng)成為慣例。巧合的是，奧巴馬生于肯尼迪就任總統(tǒng)的 1961年。“tlZ都寫過暢銷書：肯尼迪在 1956年出版的《勇敢者的畫像》，被譯成了幾十種文字，并為他贏得了普利策傳記文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)；時(shí)隔50 年后全面闡述奧巴馬政治理念和政策主張的《無畏的希望：重申美國(guó)夢(mèng)》，也為民主黨和他本人贏得了廣大選民。奧巴馬就職演說的主題和目的，就是喚醒人民的信心、決心以及對(duì)國(guó)家的責(zé)任感，共同渡過美國(guó)現(xiàn)在面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)難關(guān)。二、演說內(nèi)容在演說中，兩位總統(tǒng)都提到先輩的忍辱負(fù)重，追求自由平等和獨(dú)立?！?力主在維護(hù)美國(guó)霸主地位的同時(shí)，使世界格局發(fā)生～些變化。而奧巴馬在演說中強(qiáng)調(diào)“ 偏袒富人的國(guó)家無法長(zhǎng)久”，與肯尼迪的“ 一個(gè)自由社會(huì)如若不能幫助眾多的窮人，也就無法保全少數(shù)的富人”，具有相同的含義。三、演說策略兩位總統(tǒng)在演說中都采用了第一人稱的復(fù)數(shù)使用。排比是指用結(jié)構(gòu)相似、語氣一致、關(guān)系并列的一組語句，接連表達(dá)幾個(gè)相關(guān)意思的一種修辭方式。奧巴馬在緬懷先輩時(shí)接連用了三個(gè)“ 為了我們? ? 忍辱負(fù)重，辛勤耕作，乃至征戰(zhàn)、犧牲? ? ” 排比句的使用可謂是別具匠心，使整篇文章布局合理，層次分明，加強(qiáng)語氣。演講中相同的語言形式反復(fù)地使用叫“ 重復(fù)”。這種押韻的技巧在肯尼迪的演說中也有所體現(xiàn)，讀起來朗朗上口、音韻優(yōu)美。4．對(duì)照antithesis。如：肯尼迪的演說中，“ 如果一個(gè) 自由的社會(huì)不能幫助貧窮的大多數(shù)，那么它也不能拯救富有的少數(shù)人” 的“ the many(多數(shù))” 和 “the few(少數(shù))” 與“ therich(富人)” 和“ the poor(窮增強(qiáng)了演說的美感和表現(xiàn)力。此外，肯尼迪與奧巴馬在就職演說中還引用了《圣經(jīng)》中的話語，使演講表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、富有感染力。這和奧巴馬演說中“ 你們不可能拖垮我們，我們定將戰(zhàn)勝你們” 的“ you(你們)” 和“ we(我們)” 與“ outlast(拖垮)” 和“ defeat(戰(zhàn)勝)”，在兩個(gè)分句中交錯(cuò)使用，使句子整體上達(dá)到一種平衡。在肯尼迪和奧巴馬的就職演說中，大量隱喻的使用讓聽眾意會(huì)，從而[1]李志坤，劉宗強(qiáng)．肯尼迪就職演說詞的語用含義探究[J]．三峽大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)：人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版，2008(4)． [2]任澤湘．約翰王立禮 高級(jí)英語 1995 著名演講辭鑒賞 1996 英語修辭 1988本文讀者也讀過(10條) 肯尼迪就職演說詞的語用含義探究[期刊論文]三峽大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版）2008,30(4) Xuping 肯尼迪《就職演說》文體賞析[期刊論文]井岡山大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（社會(huì)科學(xué)版）2009,30(6) Zexiang 約翰肯尼迪總統(tǒng)就職演說的語言藝術(shù)特色[期刊論文]重慶郵電學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版)2004(z1) Haizhen 析約翰our schools fail too many。endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg。you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindusknow that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history。a willingness to find meaning in something greater than yet, at this momentit is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest is the firefighter’s courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent’s willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our challenges may be instruments with which we meet them may be those values upon which our success dependsthese things are things are have been the quiet force of progress throughout our is demanded then is a return to these is required of us now is a new era of responsibilitythe knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain is the meaning of our liberty and our creedwhy men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have the year of America’s birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy capital was enemy was snow was stained with a moment when the oute of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:“Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one mon danger, came forth to meet [it].” the face of our mon dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may it be said by our children’s children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter。在艱困的時(shí)候，美國(guó)能箕裘相繼，不僅因?yàn)榫痈呶徽哂心芰蛟妇?，也因?yàn)槿嗣癯掷m(xù)對(duì)先人的抱負(fù)有信心，也忠於創(chuàng)建我國(guó)的法統(tǒng)。我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)元?dú)獯髠@既是某些人貪婪且不負(fù)責(zé)任的後果，也是大眾未能做出艱難的選擇，對(duì)國(guó)家進(jìn)入新時(shí)代做準(zhǔn)備不足所致。這些都是得自資料和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的危機(jī)指標(biāo)。但是，美國(guó)要了解，這些挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)被解決。再次肯定我們國(guó)家的偉大，我們了解偉大絕非賜予而來，必須努力達(dá)成。為了我們，他們攜帶很少的家當(dāng)，遠(yuǎn)渡重洋，追尋新生活。他們將美國(guó)視為大於所有個(gè)人企圖心總和的整體，超越出身、財(cái)富或小圈圈的差異。我們的心智一樣創(chuàng)新，我們的產(chǎn)品和勞務(wù)和上周或上個(gè)月或去年相比，一樣是必需品。我們無論朝何處望去，都有工作必須完成。我們將利用太陽能、風(fēng)力和土壤作為汽車的燃料和工廠的能源?，F(xiàn)在，有人質(zhì)疑我們的雄心，暗示說我們的體系無法承受太多的大計(jì)畫。我們今天的問題不是政府太大或太小，而是有無功效，是否能幫助家庭找到薪水不錯(cuò)的工作，支付得起照顧費(fèi)用，有尊嚴(yán)的退休。我們眼前的問題也不是說市場(chǎng)的力量是善或惡。我們建國(guó)諸父在我們難以想像的危難之中?；叵胂惹暗氖来狗ㄎ魉怪髁x和共產(chǎn)主義，靠的除了飛彈和戰(zhàn)車之外，還有強(qiáng)固的聯(lián)盟和持久的信念。在這些原則的再次指引下，我們可以面對(duì)那些新的威脅，這些威脅有賴國(guó)與國(guó)間更大的合作與諒解方能因應(yīng)。因?yàn)槲覀冎?，我們拼湊組合而成的遺產(chǎn)是我們的強(qiáng)處，而非弱點(diǎn)。隨著世界越來越小，我們共通的人性也會(huì)彰顯，而美國(guó)必須扮演引進(jìn)新和平時(shí)代的角色。那些窮國(guó)的人民，我們保證會(huì)和你們合作，讓們的農(nóng)場(chǎng)豐收，讓清流涌入，滋補(bǔ)餓壞的身體，喂養(yǎng)饑餓的心靈。今天他們有話要對(duì)我們說，就和躺在阿靈頓（公墓）的英雄們世世代代輕聲訴說的一樣。在堤防決堤時(shí)，是人們的善心，讓他們招待陌生人。我們的挑戰(zhàn)也許是新的，我們迎接挑戰(zhàn)的工具也許是新的，但我們賴以成功的價(jià)值觀─辛勤工作和誠(chéng)實(shí)、勇氣和公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、容忍和好奇心、忠實(shí)和愛國(guó)心─這些都是固有的。這是公民的代價(jià)和承諾。在美國(guó)誕生這一年，在最寒冷的幾個(gè)月，在結(jié)冰的河岸，一群愛國(guó)人士抱著垂死的同志。懷著希望和美德，讓我們?cè)俣葲_破結(jié)冰的逆流，度過接下來可能來臨的暴風(fēng)雪。s President Yang for his hospitality(好客)and his gracious（有禮貌的，親切的）39。m really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we39。s journey to the 21st century, I39。s ties to this cityand to this countrystretch back further, to the earliest days of America39。stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change。t be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I39。and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult many waysover many yearswe have struggled to adv