【正文】 s not unequal to the 。6翻譯中為什么要進(jìn)行詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換：。（2）非語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，第三、翻譯與語(yǔ)境的關(guān)系，關(guān)系：語(yǔ)境是一切語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)存在的前提，離開(kāi)語(yǔ)境就沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)；就沒(méi)有一定的上下文，文字翻譯也就無(wú)從談起。英語(yǔ)句子的特點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)句子的特點(diǎn)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)排列緊密結(jié)構(gòu)排列松散 定語(yǔ)有的前置，有的后置，句子較長(zhǎng)。第一篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)實(shí)用翻譯課后部分題（定稿）1英漢句式結(jié)構(gòu)差異主要表現(xiàn)在哪些方面“漢語(yǔ)被認(rèn)為是一種“意合”的語(yǔ)言。前置，句子較短。英語(yǔ)詞義的褒貶不像漢語(yǔ)截然分明，同一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)有時(shí)候可能產(chǎn)生兩種截然不同的意義，需要根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境做出正確的判斷。英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)和表達(dá)形式方面有著顯著的差異，往往不能照搬原文的詞類(lèi)或句子結(jié)構(gòu)，需要根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)需要，進(jìn)行詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換7在實(shí)際翻譯中能做到與原文完全一致，不增不減？原作對(duì)于原文讀者來(lái)說(shuō)很少有語(yǔ)言文化上的障礙，而譯文讀者確沒(méi)有這樣的便利，因此譯者往往需要把原文中隱含的一些東西增補(bǔ)清楚，以便讀者理解。正反移位 I don’t think he will all minerals e from never been clear從來(lái)就模糊不清、否定轉(zhuǎn)移was not designed for不是為了…..而設(shè)計(jì)第二篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯課后題Unit One我們接到通知，財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)將于次日接見(jiàn)我們。The headmaster was pained when he noticed the number of the students was continuously being cut ，但支票變得普遍起來(lái)了，不久會(huì)代替現(xiàn)金作為人們結(jié)賬的一種方式。In this area, there is a good supply of meat, but fresh fruit and vegetables are quite ，發(fā)明了一種新的生產(chǎn)方法，使生產(chǎn)率得以提高。The local government had to draw on its grain reserves and take other emergency measures so as to pull through the food Three蕭伯納在他一個(gè)劇本的前言中提出這樣的看法：今天人們比在中世紀(jì)時(shí)更加迷信。Henry says Betty always exaggerates his statements might well cause a ，無(wú)論她告訴我什么，我都會(huì)相信。所以你不應(yīng)該老是以懷疑的態(tài)度對(duì)待他。Mary’s dilemma was whether to tell the boss about the truth, to lose the credibility of her colleagues or to keep the boss in the dark to betray his ，是什么使你認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)規(guī)劃會(huì)促進(jìn)改革？其次，你怎么知道這些改革會(huì)讓全縣得到好處？In the first place, what make you think this programme will promote the reform? In the second place, how do you know these reforms will benefit the whole country?Unit Six那位衛(wèi)生部副部長(zhǎng)一再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)把中西醫(yī)結(jié)合起來(lái)是多么重要。It will do us good to underline the points emphasized by the author while ，警方終于弄清這起謀殺案和新近發(fā)生的越獄事件有關(guān)。A little flattery would set him carried 。The man who is above his business may one day find his business above 。（評(píng)估產(chǎn)品生命力的寶貴工具）an invaluable tools for assessing the viability of a product 4.（每當(dāng)DOS執(zhí)行一個(gè)程序）each time DOS executes a program。（只會(huì)束縛人們的手腳）haue their hand tied .(是一個(gè)富于變化的領(lǐng)域，包括許多相互作用的組成部分)a diverse field with many interacting ponents。（轉(zhuǎn)基因食品優(yōu)點(diǎn)）the merit of GM food 15.（加強(qiáng)食品監(jiān)督與管理）strengthen thesupervision and administration of food safety。（大氣中碳的釋放）the release of carbon into the atmosphere 37.（受由污染引起的酸雨影響）is affected by the acid rain caused by pollution 38.（盡管氮無(wú)毒且很大程度上不活潑）Although nitrogen is nontoxic and largely inert 39.（由清水狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樵孱?lèi)過(guò)量繁殖狀態(tài)）from a clear –water state to an algal bloom 40.（毀滅一個(gè)地理上孤立的小族群）wipe out a geographically isolated group 整句翻譯：，在1997年簽署了《京都議定書(shū)》，并于2005年開(kāi)始強(qiáng)制生效。Provide an example of how you assessed a situation and achieved good results by focusing on themost important ，盡量提高效益。無(wú)論因?yàn)榍榫w上的壓力或是身體上的意外創(chuàng)傷，還是由于自信心的緣故，人們似乎都從飲食上尋求慰藉，而不是去尋求專(zhuān)業(yè)幫助）More and more people are developing eating issues for many different it is because of emotional stress, traumatic incidents, or selfconfidence issues ,people seem to run to food for fort instead of seeking professional help48.（其他人爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)，糧食匱乏不是糧食產(chǎn)量的問(wèn)題，而是政府忽視了農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，未能有效利用糧食援救。It sounds like a scenario from a sciencefiction novel: The government has declared that meat and dairy from cloned animals is now cloned products can show up in the nation’s food 51..如今，食品和藥物管理局（ＦＤＡ）將要求進(jìn)口商能夠證實(shí)他們外國(guó)的供應(yīng)商正在采取必要的安全防范措施。不多，分析師們警告稱(chēng)，中國(guó)煉油行業(yè)盈利能力不佳意味著在該行業(yè)的任何投資到頭來(lái)都可能是不具吸引力的。Airbus have been fighting a long and bruising battle with Boeing for military aircraft contracts around the a month ago in the ., EADS, the parent pany of Airbus , snatched away a nearly 40 billion air tanker contract from 述信息技術(shù)對(duì)人類(lèi)生活的巨大影響。取而代之的是母質(zhì)，地形，植被和時(shí)間。溫度同樣影響土壤微生物的活躍度，土壤化學(xué)反應(yīng)的頻率和數(shù)量，植物生長(zhǎng)的比例。土壤內(nèi)大量的可用的水氣會(huì)提升母巖溫度和沉積，化學(xué)反應(yīng)，還有植物生長(zhǎng)。土壤中的碳氮循環(huán)幾乎都需要?jiǎng)游锖椭参锏膮⑴c控制。巖床的風(fēng)化或者由侵蝕力（比如風(fēng)，水，冰）帶來(lái)的沉積物都可以變?yōu)樾纬赡纲|(zhì)需要的物質(zhì)。s surface is generally controlled by the absence or presence of mechanisms that lift air masses to cause is also controlled by the amount of water vapor held in the air, which is a function of air figure is presented that illustrates global precipitation ，是否存在這種飽和基本上決定了地球表面降水的分布。the humidity gradient away from the evaporating surface。這個(gè)過(guò)程需要大量的能量。農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為蒸散作用有兩種方式：實(shí)際的蒸散和潛在的蒸散。如果知道了實(shí)際蒸散和潛在蒸散的量，農(nóng)民就可以計(jì)算作物灌溉需要的水量。但是這種情況只是暫時(shí)的，一部分雨水會(huì)由于重力作用排出。毛細(xì)作用把水從一個(gè)地方搬運(yùn)到另一個(gè)流失水的地方（最大的水流失應(yīng)該就是植物表面的蒸騰和蒸發(fā)）。在土壤系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部，這幾種力量影響了水的短缺度。這體現(xiàn)了這些國(guó)家的高出生率和高死亡率。人口金字塔通常用來(lái)展示人口在年齡和性別上的結(jié)構(gòu)。57頁(yè)Sea Level the melt of ice cap and glaciers, sea level has rised to large numbers of cities located in coastal areas, this causes serious erosion takes place, particularly on steep are is a picture of Shanghai at present, while this may be the picture of Shanghai several years serious problem is the threat of salt water intruding into underground fresh water in coastal of people will be forced to leave their homes and 。濕地逐漸消失。59頁(yè)They dominate the country in influence and are the national sheer size and activity bees a strong pull factor, bringing additional residents to the city and causing the primate city to bee even larger and more disproportional to smaller cities in the , not every country has a primate city, as you39。Some scholars define a primate city as one that is larger than the bined populations of the second and third ranked cities in a definition does not represent true primacy, however, as the size of the first ranked city is not disproportionate to the 。舉個(gè)例子，加州的首位城市是洛杉磯，城市人口達(dá)到1600萬(wàn)，比舊金山的700高出甚多。早期的農(nóng)村發(fā)展概念基本上和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展一樣的，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)占據(jù)了農(nóng)村的主導(dǎo)地位。隨著注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展上，這些項(xiàng)目服務(wù)于鞏固捆綁，增大資產(chǎn)，還這些規(guī)定：修建灌溉和排水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施來(lái)提升用水管理能力，修建農(nóng)村公路，土地平整，土壤改良措施以及改變土地用途比如說(shuō)把貧瘠的土地轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯只蛘邼竦亍nvironmental conditions are being given increasing are being constructed to suit the bodies are being restored, often with buffer consolidation projects are also used for the protection of wetlands and to change land use patterns