【正文】 ers39。接下來，從語言與社會(huì)層面上分析了語用負(fù)遷移在詞匯、句法、篇章、價(jià)值觀、禮貌策略、社會(huì)習(xí)俗、思維方式上的具體體現(xiàn)。 strageties 湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） III 摘 要 “遷移”最初由行為主義心理學(xué)家提出，指在學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)的過程中，對已有的知識(shí)進(jìn)行自動(dòng)的潛意識(shí)的利用過程。 and the learners39。湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） III On Negative Pragmatic Transfer in Intercultural Communication 湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） III Abstract The term transfer is first defined by behaviorists to refer to the process of automatic， uncontrolled and subconscious use of past learned behavior in the attempt to produce new responses. Pragmatic transfer is one of the important contents of interlanguage pragmatics study. According to the pragmatic knowledge transferred, pragmatic transfer can be divided into pragmalinguistic transfer and sociopragmatic transfer. According to effects arising from pragmatic transfer,it can also be devided into positive transfer and negative pragmatic transfer. And the across language and crosscultural researches of language learning have constantly revealed the learners39。 understanding of negative transfer, to encourage learners to think in native ways and to pare the difference between the Chinese and Western culture. People can not only promote language acquisition and teaching, but also help to reduce misunderstandings and failures in intercultural munication by knowing the specific pragmatic transfer in real life and some relevant strategies. Key words: intercultural munication。語言遷移是語際語用學(xué)所研究的重要內(nèi)容，根據(jù)所遷移的語用知識(shí)，語用遷移可以劃分為語用語言負(fù)遷移與語用社會(huì)負(fù)遷移兩類；根據(jù)遷移所產(chǎn)生的效用劃分，語用遷移通常還 可以分為：語用正遷移和語用負(fù)遷移。最后，作者在以上分析的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了相應(yīng)的對策：鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用目標(biāo)語思維，加深教師和學(xué)生對負(fù)遷移的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解，同時(shí)對比中西文化差異，以促進(jìn)英語學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)。 Understanding of Negative Transfer22 To Encourage Learners to Think in Native Ways .......................................... 23 To Make a Comparison between English and Chinese Cultures ................... 24 Conclusion .........................................................................................26 Bibliography......................................................................................27 Acknowledgements............................................................................28 Appendix ........................................................................................29 湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） III Introduction Research Background With the rapid expansion of worldwide transportation and munication work, the world is being smaller and smaller, and is characterized as a global village. The international and domestic changes in the past few decades have brought us into direct and indirect contact with people who, because of their cultural diversity, often behave in ways that we do not understand. It is no longer difficult to find social and professional situations in which members of once isolated groups of peoples municate with members of other cultural groups. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. In other words, intercultural munication prevails in the socalled global village. In recent years, the growth in foreign travel for business, study and pleasure, the expansion of international trade and migration of people seeking work in the multinational panies have naturally led to a conitant increase in contacts across national boundaries. When there are significant differences in background knowledge, even the same message may be interpreted differently by different individuals. This may cause trouble in any situation of contact between them. It39。 Starasta (1998), and He Zhaoxiong (20xx). In China, monographs in this area at home are many like Culture and Communication (Hu Wenzhong 1994), The Research of Pragmatic in China(Shen Jiaxuan 1996), Intercultural Communication(Fei Yuxin 1997), Pragmatics (Hu Zhuanglin 1980), Discussion on Pragmatic Transfer (Pang Haolong 20xx), Language Transfer and Second Language Acquisition (Yu Liming 20xx), Pragmatic Transfer in Intercultural Language Communication(Zhang Bigang and Xia Hongzhong 20xx), Pragmatic Transfer in Intercultural Communication(Liu Jianhuai 20xx) and so on. Over all, these studies not only provide us with more insights into pragmatic transfer, but build up a fundamental basis for the future study on it. Research Subject and Significance 湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） III Based on the previous studies, this thesis mainly explores the negative pragmatic transfer from the levels of lexis, syntax, text, values, politeness strategies, social contact customs and thought patterns from language and social aspects. Then, the author puts up some strategies, ., to enforce the teachers39。 pragmatic knowledge of languages and cultures other than L2 on their prehension, production and learning of L2 pragmatic information. (1992:207). Faerch amp。s treatment towards the scope of pragmatic and which Thomas(1983) picked up in classifying the types of pragmatic failure. Pragmalinguistic, in Leech39。pragmatic transfer39。 BlumKulka 1993:10). Besides, it is methodologically difficult to disentangle positive transfer from universal pragmatic knowledge and generalization on the basis of available interlanguage pragmatic knowledge. Intercultural Communication The understanding of definition and research of intercultural munication is essential to understand intercultural munication. Definition of Intercultural Communication Intercultural munication is about how people from different cultures municate. The term intercultural has many synonyms, such as interethnic, interracial, transcultural, transracial, and crosscultural. Driven and Putz point out All these terms denote slightly different aspects of wider field prising the 湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） III contrast or parison between two different cultural munication... Probably because 39。 pragmatic performance is influenced by their lan