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tiple anizations involved – suppliers, customers, thirdparty providers. Multiple flows – information, material/service, finance. Research in Information Integration ?Understanding causes of information distortion and devise countermeasures. ?Using better, timely and more efficient information for coordinated forecasting and planning. ?Value of information sharing. ?Value of VendorManagedInventory programs. Research Example: The Bullwhip Effect Babies P G Wholesalers Retailers Customers 3 M Order Variability Up the Pampers Supply Chain Research in Postponement ?Product/process design – logistics and form postponement – decoupling point strategies – vanilla box design ?Product architecture to support supply chain management ?Product line restructuring and managing product variety Research in Restructuring ?Channel structure design. ?Supply work design, with manufacturing outsourcing. ?Logistics outsourcing and restructuring. ?Coordination of shared resources (inventory pooling, shipment coordination, routes and warehouse consolidation, …) Research Example: Restructuring the PC Order Fulfillment Process M anuf act ur e r Channe lM anuf act ur erDir ect Sal e sM odelSal es AgentM odelChanne l Outs our ci ngM odelC han nelAs s e m bly M ode lSales and Customer Interactions Product Customization and Delivery Examples of IndustryWide Research ?Apparel industry (KSA, Harvard) ?Grocery