【正文】 lls 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 1 Team Formation Step 1 Action Issue ? Management must determine if the initial statement of concern is worth further problem solving investigation ? Management will designate their staff to sponsor the team as a “champion” ? Team member shall be designated, representing all departments that may be concerned with the problem ? Management shall identify the expected time mitment from team member and make arrangement for peoples time availability ? Team member must reach consensus on a mission statement goals, and document it in writing 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 1 Team Formation Step 1 Team Composition ? Members Good team member are persons who are : ? willing to contribute ? capable of diagnosing problem ? trainable in the use of improvement methods ? team players, rather than goitalone ? Team Size 5 9 member is optimum 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 1 Team Formation Step 1 Use Team Approach Determine the problem needs an 8D Are all the needed areas of knowledge experience represented ? Team size correct? (5/9 member) Establish time authority to work on problem A YES NO NO Select individuals for the team Establish a team Leader 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 1 Team Formation action plan established agenda written for next meeting Minutes of previous meeting available A Establish team advisors Are all areas of technical expertise represented? Team establish working relationships Is team members clear on going roles YES NO NO Step 1 Use Team Approach 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 1 Team Formation Power of the Team Approach ? Commitment from many disciplines (expertise) ? breaks down inherent barriers ? diversity of knowledge expertise ? high morale ? wide range of ideas observations ? open ,honest munication ? positive confrontation “no right answer” ? everyone has something to contribute Step 1 Use Team Approach 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 1 Team Formation 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 1 Team Formation Step 1 Use Team Approach Why Teams May Fail ? No leader empowered to implement ideas ? personality conflicts, domination, by one member, negative attitudes ? excessive management expectations, not enough time ? insufficient problem solving skills by members ? undefined progress no sense of urgency, no goals ? lack of data/facts, not shared by all 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 1 Requirements for Success Direction team discussion to clarify ensure understanding mitment by all Time adequate time required from all participants to perform the task Training provide people skills needed to approach the situation Resource technical expertise may be needed Space work area for data collection or interaction Leadership Facilitator。 experts from the floor responsible for carrying out assignments’ receptive to the consensus decision making process keeps open mind on possibilities 8D Problem Solving Process Step 1 Teamwork Building ? COMMITMENT ? COMMUNICATION ? LEADERSHIP ? MEETING EFFECTIVESS ? RECOGNITION FEEBACK ? CONFLICT RESOLUTION ? CONSENSUAL DECISION MAKING 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 2 Describe The Issue Step 2 Define the Problem Objective To determine the extent of the problem its effects in quantifiable terms resulting in a narrower focus for containment and causefinding efforts Supporting Concepts and Methods ? Process flowcharts ? is/is not analysis ? check sheets ? pareto diagrams ? control charts “A problem well defined is a problem half solved” 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 2 Describe The Issue Step 2 Define the Problem Procedure 1. Customer Complaint 2. 5W,2H 3. Subdivide 4. Deviations Statement include benchmark prioritize decide on team to address one deviation per statement 5. Data Collection Define 6. Operational flow diagram wording collect four dimensions stratify summarize 7. Comparative Analysis 8. Revise Problem is/is not STATEMENT table of known facts 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 2 Describe The Issue Step 2 Define the Problem Procedure 1. CUSTOMER COMPLAINT ? describe the symptoms experienced by the customer (user) in their terms ? make sure the customer plaint is clearly understood from the customers’ viewpoint ? search for parative situations 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 2 Describe The Issue Step 2 Define the Problem Procedure 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 2 Describe The Issue Step 2 Define the Problem 2. 5W , 2H Who? Identify the customers who are plaining What? What is the problem in operational definitions Where? Identify defect locations When? Identify the time when the problem started Why? State any known explanations of the problem How? Identify the situations or mode of operation problem occurred How many? Quantify the extent severity of the problem Procedure 8D Problem Solving Process STEP 2 Describe The Issue Step 2 Define the Problem 3. SUBDIVIDE