【正文】 r service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.9*消費者剩余消費者剩余： 買者愿意為一種物品支付的量減去其為此實際支付的量消費者剩余 = 支付意愿 – 市場價格人名 支付意愿Anthony $250Chad 175Flea 300John 125如果 P = $260Flea的消費者剩余 = $300 – 260 = $40其他人沒有消費者剩余，因為他們不會在這個價格下購買 iPod總消費者剩余 = $40169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.6*支付意愿與需求曲線PQP Qd$301及以上 0251 – 300 1176 – 250 2126 – 175 3 0 – 125 4169。 首先，我們來看看消費者的福利169。 每種物品分別生產(chǎn)多少？167。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.Premium PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich2023 UPDATE .曼昆 著經(jīng)濟學原理第六版169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.1*本章我們將探索這些問題的答案 :? 什么是消費者剩余？它與需求曲線有什么聯(lián)系？? 什么是生產(chǎn)者剩余？它與供給曲線有什么聯(lián)系？? 市場能使資源達到合意的配置嗎？還是市場結果有改善的余地？169。 誰生產(chǎn)它們？167。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.3*支付意愿 一個買者對一種物品的支付意愿是他愿意為這種物品支付的最高量支付意愿衡量買者對于物品的評價人名 支付意愿Anthony $250Chad 175Flea 300John 125例如： 4個賣者對于一個 iPod的支付意愿169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.7*梯形圖需求曲線看起來像一個梯形，有四個臺階 — 每一個臺階代表一個買者。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.10*消費者剩余與需求曲線PQP = $260 Flea的消費者剩余 = $300 – 260 = $40總消費者剩余 =$40Flea的支付意愿169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.14*PQ許多消費者的剩余與一條光滑的需求曲線對鞋的需求D消費者剩余是買者愿意為一種物品支付的量減去其為此實際支付的量 復習：三角形的面積 =189。 x 10 x $20 = $100.消費者剩余減少的兩個原因：1. 一些買者離開市場2. 留在市場中的買者支付更高的價格169。 x 10 x $10 = $50D. 已進入市場買者由于價格下降而增加的消費者剩余= 10 x $10 = $100169。 例如：三個提供除草服務賣者的成本169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.22*生產(chǎn)者剩余PQ生產(chǎn)者剩余 (PS)：賣者出售一種物品得到的量減去其生產(chǎn)成本PS = P – cost169。 x b x h = 189。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.PQ供給曲線A. 找出 邊際賣 者在 Q = 10時 的成本B. 計 算 P = $20時 的 總生 產(chǎn) 者剩余如果價格上升到 $30，計算下列情況下的生產(chǎn)者剩余：C. 多售出 5個單位物品所增加的生產(chǎn)者剩余D. 最初 10個單位物品在更高價格下增加的生產(chǎn)者剩余主動學習 2 參考答案169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.29*消費者剩余、生產(chǎn)者剩余與總剩余CS = (買者的評價 ) – (買者支付的量 ) =買者參與市場得到的收益PS = (賣者得到的量 ) – (賣者的成本 ) = 賣者參與市場得到的收益總剩余 = CS + PS = 參與市場貿易得到的總收益 = (買者的評價 ) – (賣者的成本 )169。 為回答這個問題，我們使用總剩余作為衡量社會