【正文】 ural expression that are also intellectually stimulating and directly relevant to contemporary life. Finally, the lecturer admits a decline in audience and support of literature in today39。s accounts. The professor argues that because the Chevalier was rich in assets but poor in cash while he was living in Switzerland, he occasionally had to borrow funds to pay for expensive recreational activities. According to the professor, having low amounts of cash is not the same as being financially poor. The reading, however, holds that as someone who had to borrow large amounts of money from others, the Chevalier must have fabricated stories of his wealthy life in Switzerland. Moreover, the professor challenges the skepticism expressed in the reading regarding the reliability of the conversations with vottaire that the Chevalier recorded in his memoir. She explains that because the Chevalier had a habit of recording each conversation with Voltaire immediately after they met, he was able to recall those discussions in detail even years later. Finally the professor rejects the claim in the reading that the Chevalier bribed his way out of a prison in Venice. She says that the pact that none of the other prisoners, even those with better resources, had been able to do so shows that bribery was unlikely. Furthermore, she points to a government paper that recorded the repair work done to the Chevalier39。 it is obvious that the writer has good control of structure and vocabulary and the ability to use these to convey in an organized and logical manner what has been understood and asked. TPO 5： The author of the reading passage proposes three theories as likely explanations of the primary function of Chaco Canyon houses, grant structures built in the I2th century. The lecturer, however, points to the inaccuracies in each of these theories. The lecturer argues that the modest number of fireplaces in these structures is in contradiction with the huge size of these houses, indicating that these structures could not have been used for Residential purposes. The Reading, however, draws parisons between the Chaco houses and other similar large Residential structures in support of the Residential theory. The second theory, that the houses were used for food storage, is also rejected by the lecturer. He explains that a place that had been used for storing maize would have many traces of scattered Maize, which is not the case in the area of the Chaco Canyon houses. This proves that the food storage theory is unlikely. Finally, regarding the third theory, the ceremony theory39。39。s prison cell, citing this as strong evidence that the account of his escape from the prison was indeed accurate. TPO 9： The lecturer points out several problems with the use of hydrogenbased fuelcell engines in support of her claim that substituting them for internalbustion engines is technologically unfeasible, environmentally unfriendly, and economically unviable. First, the lecturer states that it is impractical to replace internalbustion engines with fuelcell engines because using the latter requires hydrogen in a pure liquid form, which is technologically challenging to both obtain and store. However, the reading argues that because hydrogen can be extracted from many resources including water, fuel cell engines powered by this infinite source of energy is an extremely attractive alternative. Second, the lecturer refutes the claim in the reading that hydrogen cells are environmentally friendly. She argues that although engines that use hydrogen cells produce less pollution, the manufacturing of hydrogen cells generates large amounts of harmful byproducts due to the burning of fossil fuels in the purification process. Third, although the reading suggests that hydrogenbased engines are more fuelefficient and thus economically petitive than internalbustion engines, the professor argues that such an advantage is undermined by the fact that fuelcell engines are extremely expensive to manufacture because they require the addition of platinum, a very rare and expensive material. TPO 10： The lecturer and the reading passage suggest two peting theories, the predation theory vs. the pollution theory, to explain why the sea otter population is in rapid decline. The professor reasons that the absence of dead sea otters washed up the coast suggests that their decline is not caused by sea pollution but rather by sea predators who consume their bodies after Killing them. In contrast, the reading passage attributes the death of sea otters to pollution, citing evidence of increased sources of ocean contaminants which lead to greater vulnerability to infections. Furthermore, the lecturer argues that orcas are likely factors in the disappearance of sea otters, because the scarcity of whales, their usual prey, has left them with no other choice but to start hunting smaller mammals like the otters for food. The reading passa