曼昆經(jīng)濟學(xué)原理中文課件-wenkub
2022-09-08 12:17:45 本頁面
【正文】 Markup Over Marginal Cost... Quantity (a) 壟斷競爭企業(yè) (b) 完全競爭企業(yè) Quantity Price P = MC P = MR (demand curve) MC ATC 產(chǎn)量 Price Demand MC MC ATC MR 價格加成 產(chǎn)量 Monopolistic versus Perfect Competition... Q (a) 壟斷競爭企業(yè) (b) 完全競爭企業(yè) Q P P = MR (demand curve) MC ATC 產(chǎn)量 有效規(guī)模 P Demand MC ATC P = MC Excess capacity MC 價格加成 MR 產(chǎn)量 = 有效規(guī)模 壟斷競爭與社會福利 壟斷競爭市場并不具有完全競爭市場全部合意的福利特點。 Monopolistic Competition and the Welfare of Society 新企業(yè)進入存在兩種外部效應(yīng) : ? 產(chǎn)品多樣化外部性 . ? 搶走業(yè)務(wù)外部性 . ? 第一種效應(yīng)企業(yè)越多越好，第二種效應(yīng)給原有企業(yè)帶來了負外部性，因而原有企業(yè)希望進入的企業(yè)越少越好。 Advertising ?銷售有較大差別消費品的企業(yè)，通常都把收益的 10%20%用于廣告。 ?就整個經(jīng)濟而言，企業(yè)總收益中有 2%左右用于廣告。 Advertising ?辯護者認為，企業(yè)用廣告向顧客提供了信息。 ?廣告引起了非理性。 Summary ?A monopolistically petitive market is characterized by three attributes: many firms, differentiated products, and free entry. ?The equilibrium in a monopolistically petitive market differs from perfect petition in that each firm has excess capacity and each firm charges a price above marginal cost. Summary ?Monopolistic petition does not have all of the desirable properties of perfect petition. ?There is a standard deadweight loss of monopoly caused by the markup of price over marginal cost. ?The number of firms can be too large or too small. Sum
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