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國際經(jīng)貿(mào)高級英語——精讀與翻譯ppt6-wenkub

2022-08-29 14:55:16 本頁面
 

【正文】 No law would prevent the textbook solution—a onetime devaluation of the Hong Kong dollar. But the city’s economic authorities have concluded that the only way to prevent massive speculation against that currency every time there is an economic downturn is to mit themselves firmly to keeping its value in . dollars constant. A recession must therefore simply be endured. Unit Six The Return of Depression Economics — Paul Krugman A country could avoid locking its exchange rate by reinstituting capital controls of the kind that prevailed for the first two decades of Bretton Woods, which allowed the pegs of that system to be truly adjustable, but the costs of such controls seem a high price to pay. A freely floating exchange rate, then, appears to be the lesser of three evils. Even economists who are generally profloating agree that tightly integrated regions that form “optimal currency areas” should adopt the ultimate form of fixed exchange rates, a mon currency. (Whether the new eurozone constitutes such an area is another question.) But as a general rule, the preferred alternative of most economists is a floating exchange rate. In particular, it is the one most consistent with the neoclassical synthesis, because it leaves countries free to pursue both freemarket and fullemployment policies. (from Foreign Affairs, January/February 1999) Unit Six The Return of Depression Economics — Paul Krugman Exercises ? Ⅰ . Translate the following into English, using the words or phrases in the text: 1. 使一國外匯儲備大大減少的資本外逃 capital flight depleting a country’s foreign exchange reserves 2. 貶值所引起的國內(nèi)惡性通貨膨脹 domestic hyperinflation caused by devaluation 3. 為增加國民收入而采取擴張性財政政策 to adopt expansionary fiscal policy to increase national ine Unit Six The Return of Depression Economics — Paul Krugman Unit Six The Return of Depression Economics — Paul Krugman 4. 面臨總需求日益萎縮的危險 5. 受流動性陷阱困擾的資本市場 capital market harassed by liquidity trap 6. 排除大規(guī)模投機活動的可能性 to rule out the possibility of massive speculative activities 7. 以經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯為代價來壓低國內(nèi)的價格 to drive down domestic prices at the expense of economic stagnation be faced with the danger of increasingly shrinking aggregate demand Unit Six The Return of Depression Economics — Paul Krugman 8. 以固定匯率為特征的國際金本位制 9. 熱幣流動對貨幣產(chǎn)生的壓力 the pressure of hot money flow on currencies 10. 以市場自發(fā)調(diào)節(jié)為中心的新古典主義理論 the neoclassical theory centering on the spontaneous adjustments of market 11. 運用多種手段來實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)的聰明的決策者 intelligent policymakers who will use various means to achieve economic goals the international gold standard system characterized by fixed exchange rates Unit Six The Return of Depression Economics — Paul Krugman 12. 能夠幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)走出蕭條的靈活的財政、金融政策 13. 發(fā)展中國家和成熟經(jīng)濟(jì)體所面臨的不同困境 the different dilemmas that the developing countries and the mature economies are faced with 14. 以犧牲充分就業(yè)來實現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)出率 to sacrifice full employment to achieve high output rate 15. 會導(dǎo)致另一國貨幣貶值的對這種貨幣的需求增加 the increased demand for this currency that will lead to the devaluation of another currency flexible fiscal and financial policies that can help the economy out of depression Unit Six The Return of Depression Economics — Paul Krugman ? Ⅱ . Translate the following sentences into English: 1. 該國出現(xiàn)的這場經(jīng)濟(jì)混亂引起了中央銀行和財政部的互相指責(zé),該事件反映了一國的貨幣政策和財政政策相互配合的重要性。 (magnify) Although devaluation will magnify exports, it can also lead to the increasing foreigncurrencydenominated debt; it can even cause the collapse of people’s confidence in the government. Therefore, the government did not dare to adopt the devaluation policy without careful consideration. Unit Six The Return of Depression Economics — Paul Krugman 4. 外債的增加并非是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必不可少的成本,因為外債的增加雖然會在短期內(nèi)提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度,但從長期來看,它會加重國內(nèi)企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān),導(dǎo)致國際收支不平衡。但是,如果美國或歐洲明年或后年也陷入危機,我們可以斷定,一些分析家回過頭來同樣會挑出一些有關(guān)西方價值觀和制度方面的毛病來。 Unit Six The Return of Depression Economics — Paul Krugman Troubled Asian Economies have turned out to have many policy and institutional weaknesses. But if America or Europe should get into trouble next year or the year after, we can be sure that in retrospect analysts will find equally damning things to say about Western values and institutions. And it is very hard to make the case that Asian policies were any worse in the 1990s than they had been in previous decades, so why did so much go so
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