網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)的起源與發(fā)展-wenkub
2022-08-29 13:43:43 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 網(wǎng)球的祖先。 ? 1877年，在英國(guó)倫敦郊外溫布爾頓設(shè)置了幾片草地網(wǎng)球總會(huì)，草地網(wǎng)球在英國(guó)得到了進(jìn)一步的開(kāi)展。 ，寬 ，至今未變。 發(fā)球員發(fā)球時(shí)，可一腳站在端線前，另一腳站在端線後，發(fā)球失誤一次而不判失分。 美國(guó)硬式網(wǎng)球的興起 ? 緊隨英國(guó)之後開(kāi)展網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)的國(guó)家是美國(guó)。參加比賽的有 26人。因此，美國(guó)的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)得到了空前的發(fā)展。 ? 西元 1900年網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國(guó)人克里斯麥克勞林的推動(dòng)之下，讓網(wǎng)球更現(xiàn)代化，由溫文儒雅的運(yùn)動(dòng)變成活潑、緊張、刺激的運(yùn)動(dòng)。亞洲軟是網(wǎng)球大會(huì)，於 1956年起開(kāi)始舉辦，兩年舉辦一次， 1971年的第八屆，曾在臺(tái)北市舉行。 ? 環(huán)顧世界各國(guó)在硬式網(wǎng)球選手的訓(xùn)練上都投下大把精力，且以舉辦大型公開(kāi)賽為榮；而流行於中日韓的軟式網(wǎng)球亦因亞運(yùn)及亞洲盃舉辦更顯蓬勃，軟式網(wǎng)球也是我國(guó)奪牌熱門(mén)項(xiàng)目之一。 70年代以後，網(wǎng)球又得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展?？傊鳛槭澜绲诙筮\(yùn)動(dòng)的網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)將以其無(wú)比的魅力和不斷發(fā)展的技術(shù)贏得越來(lái)越多的愛(ài)好者和觀眾。s popularity dwindled almost to zero during the 1700s, but in 1850, Charles Goodyear invented a vulcanization process for rubber, and during the 1850s, players began to experiment with using the bouncier rubber balls outdoors on grass. ? An outdoor game was, of course, pletely different from an indoor game played off walls, so several new sets of rules were formulated. ? In 1874, Major Walter C. Wingfield patented in London the equipment and rules for a game fairly similar to modern tennis. In the same year, the first courts appeared in the United States. By the following year, equipment sets had been sold for use in Russia, India, Canada, and China. ? ? Croquet was highly popular at this time, and the smooth croquet courts proved readily adaptable for tennis. Wingfield39。首個(gè)聯(lián)賽繼而在當(dāng)年的 57月進(jìn)行，而最早的聯(lián)賽成績(jī)可追溯至在香港木球會(huì)、紀(jì)利華網(wǎng)球會(huì)、太古俱樂(lè)部、香港中華基督教青年會(huì) (歐洲及中國(guó)部 )、葡國(guó)人俱樂(lè)部、 Wigwam 網(wǎng)球俱樂(lè)部、公務(wù)員網(wǎng)球隊(duì)、 Navy Yard隊(duì)及九龍會(huì)等會(huì)所舉行的比賽。而女子雙打和混雙直到戰(zhàn)前也都在三軍會(huì)舉行，後來(lái)，比賽就移師婦女遊樂(lè)會(huì)。 優(yōu)秀球員冒起 ? 幾位非常出色的球員相繼冒起並包辦了本地賽事的錦標(biāo)，好像 Rumjahn表兄弟就從 1920年代中開(kāi)始雄霸男子網(wǎng)壇多年。至於最出色的一位球員要數(shù)葉觀雄，他在 1948年奪得中國(guó)國(guó)家運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)冠軍，並且，從 1947年起的二十年，囊括了一共 53個(gè)草地和硬地冠軍(26項(xiàng)單打及 27項(xiàng)雙打 )。 1957年的十二月，Jack Kramer集團(tuán)的球手包括 Pancho Segura、 Lew Hoad、Ken Rosewall和 Jack Kramer本人在遮打道一展身手，讓香港人初嘗即將來(lái)臨的職業(yè)網(wǎng)球賽的滋味。香港市民得以欣賞到不少世界頂級(jí)球手的演出，包括 1973年在亞洲巡迴賽的香港站取勝的 Rod Laver。不過(guò)，這些比賽的營(yíng)利有限，而且涉及的行政工作繁重，實(shí)在需要一個(gè)由政府資助的體育基金作為後盾。直到 1982年，吳繩剛在香港對(duì)菲律賓一戰(zhàn)，終於為東道主香港取得首個(gè)臺(tái)維斯盃勝利。香港網(wǎng)球基金會(huì)在 1988年成立，目的是籌集企業(yè)對(duì)網(wǎng)球的贊助和捐助。他們都通過(guò)了嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練和國(guó)際少年賽事的考驗(yàn)。 ? 譯自 John Shaw, The History of Tennis in Hong Kong, 2022年 5月 歐洲網(wǎng)球發(fā)展史 ? The Beginning ? In the early seventies, the game of tennis faced a period of transition and crisis. Nowhere was this more pronounced than in Europe, where the tradition for the various national tennis federations to work independently had created an atmosphere in which, despite being the home of the major power houses in world tennis, the continent had very little voice and no united body to speak for it. ? ? The governing body of world tennis, the International Lawn Tennis Federation at this time had a rotating presidency, which alternated between officials of the home states of the four Grand Slams, Australia, France, Britain and the United States. Around this time, Joseph Dunkel, the Secretary of the Luxembourg Tennis Federation, proposed the idea of regular meetings between the secretaries of the European nations, and a first meeting was arranged in Amsterdam (NED) in 1973, with the secretary of the ILTF, Basil Ray, in attendance. Many of the European nations were keen to progress the notion of uniting European tennis under one body. ? ? ? A concern for European tennis officials in the early seventies was the formation of the World Team tennis league in the USA. The petition was proposed to take place between May and September each year, with a format of teams of three men and three women representing a city and playing home and away ties. Players were offered rewarding contracts and the new format was a popular idea. The fear in Europe was that the new petition would be successful to the detriment of the established ILTF/WCT circuit in Europe, and also to Davis Cup petition. European Tennis Working Group With a keen eye
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