academic-english-growing-grey-wenkub
2023-07-24 12:44:51 本頁面
【正文】 d 60 and over (67 million) . However, there were twice as many women as men aged 80 and over and four times as many female centenarians. In maledominated societies, elderly widows who outlive their usually older husbands face particularly severe social and economic problems. More than half of all women aged 75 and over in the UK live alone, pared with less than a third of men of that age, because more elderly men remarry.5 Dependency burdenThe surge in the numbers and proportion of old people is posing a growing agerelated dependency burden on the active populations of most countries. This is sometimes measured by a potential support ratio (PSR), which is the ratio of the number aged 1564 to those aged 65 or more. Since 1950, the world PSR has fallen from 12 to 9, and by 2050 it is expected to fall to 4, a level already attained by the UK and Spain. It is even lower than this in Portugal (), Greece (), Italy () and particularly in Japan (). By 2020 one in four Japanese will be over 65. In the developed world, we have had time to bee accustomed to the growing problems of pensions, poverty, health, housing and isolation of elderly people in individualistic societies with loosening family ties. It is unfortunate that the valuable experience of elderly people is often overlooked as a resource. they are insufficiently integrated into society, and a growing percentage of the them are living alone. In the developing world, ageing of populations is happening much more rapidly, as is urbanisation and a decline in the cohesion of the extend family, traditionally a support for the elderly. The problems of adjustment to ageing are therefore more acute and immediate in less economically developed countries.6 Ageselective migrationMigration plays an important part in the age differentiation of populations, particularly at a local level within countries. For many year the movement of people of working age has dominated migrtion, but retirement migration has a clear effect on the location of elderly people in developed countries. In Britain all 10 districts with the highest proportions (% % at the 2001 census) of persons sged 85 and over and all 10 districts with the highest proportions (%) of persons of retirement age have coastal locations in the south and southeast of England. These are traditional retirement areas (Figure 3). Seven of the districts appear in both lists: Christchurch (Dorset), East Devon, West Somerset, Tendring (Essex), Arun (West Sussex), and Rother and Eastbourne (East Sussex). The inevitable preponderance of old women in these districts means they have low gender ratios, sometimes fewer than 90 males per 100 females. No doubt the pattern would have been sharper had it not been for the recent preference for retiring abroad to sunnier cli
環(huán)評公示相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1