【正文】 硫工段利用濕式栲膠法將硫化物脫除，半水煤氣經(jīng)脫硫后進(jìn)入變換工段進(jìn)行耐硫變換，將CO氣體部分轉(zhuǎn)化為CO2和H2，以調(diào)節(jié)合適的氫碳比，變換后的變換氣經(jīng)低溫甲醇洗進(jìn)行凈化，原料氣中的 H2S、CO2 及各種有機(jī)硫等雜質(zhì)被脫除，得到的凈化氣送入壓縮工段進(jìn)行加壓，壓縮氣隨后被送往甲醇合成工段合成甲醇，生成的粗甲醇經(jīng)冷卻、分離后送往精餾工段進(jìn)行甲醇精制，粗甲醇首先被送往預(yù)塔脫出輕組分，經(jīng)脫醚后的預(yù)后甲醇被送往主塔進(jìn)行粗甲醇精餾，主塔上部側(cè)線(xiàn)采出精甲醇。該廠(chǎng)址方案的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于：（1）原料與廠(chǎng)址距離較近，能節(jié)省運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用；（2）距公路和公司鐵路專(zhuān)用線(xiàn)較近，交通運(yùn)輸條件良好。（2）原料貯存原料煤存放在本廠(chǎng)自建的選煤廠(chǎng)內(nèi)。同時(shí)，該投資廠(chǎng)也擁有成熟的煤化工技術(shù)。[3]內(nèi)蒙古具有豐富的區(qū)域優(yōu)勢(shì)與資源優(yōu)勢(shì)。甲醇生產(chǎn)的原料大致有煤、石油、天然氣和含HCO（或CO2）的工業(yè)廢氣等。自從1923年德國(guó)BASF公司首次用一氧化碳和氫在高溫高壓下用鋅鉻催化劑實(shí)現(xiàn)了甲醇合成工業(yè)化之后，甲醇的工業(yè)化合成便得以迅速發(fā)展。精餾主要是除去易揮發(fā)組分，如二甲醚、以及難以揮發(fā)的組分，如乙醇高級(jí)醇、水等。隨著甲醇合成催化劑技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，目前總的趨勢(shì)是由高壓向低、中壓發(fā)展。氣體脫硫方法可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)是干法脫硫，一類(lèi)是濕法脫硫。重油部分氧化需在高溫氣化爐中進(jìn)行。典型的流程包括原料氣制造、原料氣凈化、甲醇合成、粗甲醇精餾等工序。因此甲烷部分氧化法制甲醇的方法仍未實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化。[1]生產(chǎn)甲醇的方法有多種，早期用木材或木質(zhì)素干餾法制甲醇的方法，今天在工業(yè)上已經(jīng)被淘汰了。甲醇是假酒的主要成分，過(guò)多食用會(huì)導(dǎo)致失明，甚至死亡。近些年，隨著甲醇下游產(chǎn)品的開(kāi)發(fā)及甲醇作為燃料的推廣，甲醇的需求量大幅增長(zhǎng)。制造甲醇粗原料氣的主要固體燃料選的是煤與焦炭，用煤和焦炭制甲醇的工藝路線(xiàn)包括燃料的氣化、氣體的脫硫、變換、脫碳及甲醇合成與精制。 Distillation目 錄引 言..................................................................1第一章 甲醇概況.........................................................2 甲醇性質(zhì)及用途..................................................2 甲醇生產(chǎn)方法簡(jiǎn)介................................................2第二章 原料及廠(chǎng)址的選擇.................................................4 原料的選擇......................................................4 生產(chǎn)甲醇的原料............................................4 原料路線(xiàn)確定依據(jù)..........................................4 原料的來(lái)源及運(yùn)輸貯存......................................4 廠(chǎng)址方案........................................................5第三章 工藝路線(xiàn).........................................................6 全廠(chǎng)工藝流程概述................................................6 煤的氣化........................................................6 氣體的脫硫......................................................7 概述......................................................7 濕式栲膠法脫硫特點(diǎn)........................................8 變換............................................................8 概述......................................................8 變換工藝流程..............................................8 脫碳............................................................9 概述......................................................9 脫碳方法..................................................9 合成氣壓縮......................................................9 甲醇合成.......................................................10 甲醇合成工藝原理.........................................10 甲醇合成技術(shù).............................................11 甲醇精餾.......................................................11 概述.....................................................11 甲醇精餾原理.............................................12 三塔精餾和雙塔精餾的比較.................................12 雙塔精餾工藝流程簡(jiǎn)述.....................................12第四章 環(huán)境保護(hù)........................................................14 環(huán)保治理措施...................................................14 預(yù)期效果.......................................................14第五章 甲醇合成工序工藝計(jì)算............................................15 甲醇合成物料衡算...............................................15 設(shè)計(jì)條件及數(shù)據(jù)處理.......................................15 熱量衡算.......................................................25 甲醇合成塔熱量平衡計(jì)算...................................25 甲醇水冷凝器的熱量平衡計(jì)算...............................27第六章 甲醇精餾工序工藝計(jì)算............................................30 預(yù)塔物料、熱量衡算.............................................30 預(yù)塔物料衡算.............................................30 預(yù)塔熱量衡算.............................................31 冷卻水量計(jì)算.............................................33 主塔物料、熱量衡算.............................................33 主塔物料衡算..............................................33 主塔熱量衡算..............................................34 冷卻水量計(jì)算..............................................37第七章 冷凝器的設(shè)計(jì)....................................................39結(jié) 論.................................................................43參考文獻(xiàn)...............................................................44謝 辭.................................................................45引 言甲醇是一種重要的有機(jī)化工原料，應(yīng)用廣泛，可以用來(lái)生產(chǎn)甲醛、合成橡膠、甲胺、對(duì)苯二甲酸二甲脂、甲基丙烯酸甲脂、氯甲烷、醋酸、甲基叔丁基醚等一系列有機(jī)化工產(chǎn)品，而且還可以加入汽油摻燒或代替汽油作為動(dòng)力燃料以及用來(lái)合成甲醇蛋白。除此之外還繪制了設(shè)備一覽表、物料流程圖、甲醇合成、精餾工段工藝管道及儀表流程圖、甲醇合成、精餾工段設(shè)備布置圖。生產(chǎn)甲醇的方法很多，聯(lián)醇生產(chǎn)充分利用了現(xiàn)有合成氨生產(chǎn)裝置，只需增添甲醇合成與精餾兩套設(shè)備就可生產(chǎn)甲醇。本設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)甲醇性質(zhì)用途，國(guó)內(nèi)外甲醇工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀，生產(chǎn)方法、原料及廠(chǎng)址選擇以及環(huán)保做了簡(jiǎn)單介紹，并且通過(guò)全廠(chǎng)工藝流程概述、煤的氣化、氣體的脫硫、變換、脫碳、合成氣壓縮、甲醇合成以及甲醇精餾八個(gè)方面。關(guān)鍵詞：甲醇；聯(lián)醇；合成；精餾AbstractMethanol is a kind of important organic chemical raw material, it can be used to produce a series of organic chemical products, like formaldehyde, synthetic rubber, monomethylamine, choromethane and acetic acid so on. In fact, there are many processes for methanol synthesis, while bined methanol production makes full use of the process units of the synthesis ammonia, only 2 sets of equipments for methanol synthesis and rectification are needed to produce methanol.The design of methanol, carbinol industry properties, production methods, materials and site selection and environmental protection to a simple, and through the whole process of coal gasification, and gas desulfurization, transform, decarburization, syngas pression, methanol synthesis and methanol distillation eight aspects were introduced in the paper. Annual 30kt coarse methanol from raw materials to the final product were described in detail.The design process of methanol synthesis, distillation process of calculation, process units calculation for the material balance calculation and heat equilibrium calculation. The main content of the process of calculation is about in the whole process of mass, including the main material of import and export of equipment material quality conservation and heat equilibrium calculation and heat transmission equipment of the calculation, like the condenser of the calculation. In addition to the selection of equipment do condensator, the methanol synthesis and distillation units equipment checklists, methanol synthesis distillation units, process piping material fl