【正文】 是保護(hù)穩(wěn)壓芯片。由此通過(guò)開(kāi)關(guān)的控制來(lái)完成了小旗的升降與停止功能。也就是說(shuō)，給步進(jìn)電機(jī)發(fā)一個(gè)控制脈沖，它就轉(zhuǎn)一步，再發(fā)一個(gè)脈沖，它會(huì)再轉(zhuǎn)一步。要想使步進(jìn)電機(jī)按一定的速度精確地到達(dá)指定位置（角度或位移），步進(jìn)電機(jī)的步數(shù)N和延時(shí)時(shí)間DALAYA是兩個(gè)重要的參數(shù)。步進(jìn)電機(jī)要走的實(shí)際步數(shù)為N1=（S/C）64=64≈685步 步進(jìn)電機(jī)實(shí)際要“走”的步數(shù)，即為接收到的來(lái)自控制模塊的脈沖數(shù)?升（降）旗一秒所走的距離：V=S/t=167247。將國(guó)旗從基點(diǎn)上升到最高點(diǎn)或從最高點(diǎn)下降到最底端時(shí)，且跟蹤顯示物旗幟的上升高度，,并把它轉(zhuǎn)化為電機(jī)應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)的步數(shù),最后將程序步數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為應(yīng)送出脈沖的個(gè)數(shù)并輸出。音樂(lè)功能主要是由定時(shí)器0的中斷完成，程序開(kāi)始先對(duì)定時(shí)器0進(jìn)行初始化，然后定時(shí)器0中斷完成音長(zhǎng)的控制，在完成特定音符的音長(zhǎng)后讀取下一個(gè)音符,并且更新定時(shí)器0的初始設(shè)置值。keil uvision3軟件調(diào)試過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)單，功能強(qiáng)大，有跟蹤程序的執(zhí)行、設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)和實(shí)時(shí)觀察內(nèi)存等基本功能，另有配合仿真器使用的部分特殊功能，使編程與調(diào)試更為簡(jiǎn)便。因?yàn)椴捎玫氖荂語(yǔ)言編程，所以在對(duì)話框中選擇“是”。接著在左欄中點(diǎn)開(kāi)“Target 1”，在“Source Group 1”加載剛才所建的文件，右擊“Source Group 1”選擇“Add File to Group ‘Source Group 1’”,找到剛才的文件,單擊“確定”.然后，加載程序進(jìn)行編譯，將程序復(fù)制到文件中，調(diào)試結(jié)果在下顯示如有錯(cuò)誤，點(diǎn)擊錯(cuò)誤，就會(huì)在程序中提示出來(lái)，徐改完后繼續(xù)編譯，直到出現(xiàn)“0 Error(s),0 warning(s)”，表明程序編譯完畢。 HEX文件生成界面圖生成hex文件后，首先在運(yùn)行程序中設(shè)置參數(shù)，在”MCU Type”中選擇STC89C52RC,最高波特率設(shè)為115200，最低波特率設(shè)定為1200，在COM端口選擇開(kāi)發(fā)板與PC機(jī)連接的COM口，如果不知道的話，可以右擊選擇”管理”,。 參數(shù)設(shè)定界面參數(shù)設(shè)定好后，采用優(yōu)轉(zhuǎn)串口先將郭天祥開(kāi)發(fā)板與PC機(jī)連接起來(lái)，在開(kāi)發(fā)板上放置單片機(jī)芯片，點(diǎn)擊OpenFile/打開(kāi)文件找到生成的Hex文件，然后點(diǎn)擊下載，待提示上電后，給開(kāi)發(fā)板上電，隨著指示燈的閃爍，程序被下載到單片機(jī)中，結(jié)束后，關(guān)閉電源。待元器件完整后，準(zhǔn)備好要用的輔助儀器及工具，方便取用。將單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)的晶振電路和復(fù)位電路焊接在萬(wàn)用板上，焊接時(shí)，注意單片機(jī)的管腳，以防接錯(cuò)。 聲音模塊調(diào)試 接通電源，打開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)K1，控制語(yǔ)音模塊的單片機(jī)的20管腳接地端導(dǎo)通，單片機(jī)開(kāi)始工作，開(kāi)始三極管用的是9014，他是一個(gè)普通的NPN型管，集電極直接連接五伏電源，發(fā)射極經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)1K限流電阻連接一個(gè)有源的蜂鳴器，蜂鳴器開(kāi)始工作，發(fā)聲。不斷地增加薄膜的半徑來(lái)控制線速度，最終滿足了設(shè)計(jì)的要求。 在只接驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊的情況下，接通五伏電源，設(shè)置要停止的高度，將細(xì)線直接纏在電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)軸上，設(shè)置一個(gè)脈沖頻率，打開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)K1使電機(jī)工作在正轉(zhuǎn)（即國(guó)旗上升）的模式下，用秒表控制在43秒時(shí)間，國(guó)旗從參考零點(diǎn)上升，測(cè)試國(guó)旗在指定時(shí)間停止時(shí)的實(shí)際高度與設(shè)置的高度相差多大。分析與結(jié)果：上升的最大誤差是第二次測(cè)試，下降的最大誤差是第一次測(cè)試，在誤差范圍內(nèi)，符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。結(jié)論此次采用單片機(jī)STC89C52設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)自動(dòng)控制升降旗系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了這幾項(xiàng)功能：(1)撥動(dòng)上升鍵，國(guó)旗勻速上升，同時(shí)演奏國(guó)歌，上升到最高點(diǎn)時(shí)，自動(dòng)停止，國(guó)歌停止播放。Jacobson, ,Readout supervisor design specifications[M], LHCb [16], report on the RD12 project:timeing,trigger and control system for LHC detectors[J] Time and technology,2009，(3):152155附錄A 英文文獻(xiàn)原文Development of a Novel Drive Topology for a Five Phase Stepper Motor. Weerakoon and L. Samaranayake（Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka）[Abstract] In this paper, a novel drive topology for a five phase stepper motor is described in detail. Commercially off the shelf, low cost, standard stepper motor drive ICs are used to derive a novel drive topology for five phase stepper motors which enables closed loop speed and position control powered by inner current control loop. It is proved that the derived topology can be generalized to any stepper motor with higher odd number of phases. The designed driver consists of full step, half step, clockwise and counter clockwise drive modes with the speed control and current control. [key words] Fivephase stepper motor, the return drive, speed control, multimodeI. INTRODUCTIONIn most of the robotics and automation engineering designs various types of stepper motors are used to obtain the required motion profiles. Stepper motors are preferred, as they do not require frequent maintenance and due to their ability to operate in many harsh environments. Selection of the motors and their drive circuits depend on the required performance characteristics of the applications. The two phase and four phase stepper motors are the most mon types available in the market.However, for applications requiring high precision, low noise and lower vibration, Five Phase Stepper Motors are used. Due to smaller step angle, five phase stepper motors offer higher resolution, lower vibration and higher accelerations and decelerations. Therefore it is essential to make sure that these motor characteristics can be obtained from the designed drive topology.Because the five phase stepper motors are a rarely used type in the robotic applications and the construction is typically plicated, it is very difficult to find driver ICs, which are manufactured exclusive for them. As a result, the available Driver circuits for five phase stepper motors are very expensive.Using the available drive control ICs manufactured for mon kinds of stepper motors such as 2 phased and 4 phased and using them in modeling new driver topology for other stepper motors would be a cost effective approach.The IC L297 integrates all the control circuitry required to control bipolar and unipolar stepper motors. The L298N dual H bridge drive forms a plete microprocessor to stepper motor interface. Here, novel drive topology is investigated and developed for five phase stepper motors by adding a microprocessor and logical control system with L297 and L298N. The plete topology is described in this paper.Section II explains the ponent characteristics. Section III is on the control logic circuit design phenomena. The interface design is given in Section IV with results in Section V. Finally the conclusions are presented in Section VI.II. CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OF MAIN COMPONENTSThe IC L297 can be used with an H bridge driver IC for motor drive applications as shown in . In this design H bridge function is achieved from the L298N or L293E. This may change depending on the power rating of the motor. The control signals to the L297 may be received from microcontroller or from external switches. A single IC can drive a 2 phase bipolar permanent magnet motor, a 4 phase unipolar permanent magnet motor or a 4 phase variable reluctance motor. Because very few electronic ponents are used, it has many advantages such as lower cost, higher reliability and the ability to house in a paratively smaller space. The L297 generates three modes of phase sequences, namely half step mode, full step mode and wave mode depending on the input signals it receives. Fig. Circuit diagram to drive a 2 phase bipolar or 4 phaseunipolar stepper motor using L297 and L298N ICsA． CURRENT CONTROLSmall stepper motors generally need small DC supplies that control the winding currents and they are limited by the winding resistances. On the other hand, motors with the larger rated torque values have windings with smaller resistances. Therefore, they require a controlled cur