【正文】 eeth without holding the food with his hands. He had to resort to using hands.Westerners eat many foods with their fingers. Bacon, French fries, pizza, ribs, chicken legs and wings, and breads are all generally considered to be finger food. As a result, licking one’s fingers while eating “finger food” is considered acceptable. Indeed, it can be taken as a sign that the food is very tasty and thus may be seen as a pliment! In America, the popular chicken restaurant, Kentucky Fried Chicken, even advertises its food as “fingerlicking good”.Case 3 Was She Always Lying?ExplanationIn China, modesty is shown in various ways such as selfbelittling which is regarded as a virtue in daily life. Boasting or even factbased positive remarks about oneself is interpreted as bad manner and not encouraged in social settings. Thus Ms Zhang’s selfevaluation well fits in the Chinese culture context but definitely not the German one. In Germany, people normally make judgments based on facts, otherwise they might regard it as a lie or dishonesty as Ms Zhang’s remark indicates. Both of them need to learn what guides their behaviors and how the judgments are made in their cultures respectively. They should follow the same social rules as the host culture has in order to well adapt to the new culture.UNIT 4 Nonverbal CommunicationPart Three ExercisesSection A Culture Quiz1. Ten surprising ways may offend people from the different cultures:A) A thumbup gesture isn’t always friendly.B) When someone in Japan gives you their business card, don’t put it in your pocket.C) Making a pliment like “I love your couch” in Arab and African nations may cause embarrassment.D) When drinking in Japan, it is impolite to fill your own glass.E) In Muslim countries and India, it is very rude to use your left hand to eat.F) When you’re going to a dinner party in Argentina, it’s a sign of greed to be punctual.G) Slurping your soup is considered impolite in Western cultures.H) In Korea, smiling at a stranger is an indication that you think they’re stupid.I) The “okay sign” is very rude in Brazil and Turkey.G) Don’t beckon someone with your finger in the Philippines.2. Explanation:1) Black is the color of mourning in many cultures. Here the elderly woman by dressing entirely in black wants to express her mourning for the dead.2) It is quite normal for a young man to dress entirely in black, for black is the popular color in fashion design.3) An adult pats a child’s head because he/she wants to show love for the child.4) The student is greeting someone to e over and to sit together with him.5) It is quite abnormal for two men to kiss in public. They are probably homosexual.6) It is quite normal for two young ladies to walk hand in hand in the street in some countries, especially in China, for they want to show that they are close friends. Section C Cultural PracticeEmail 1 In the Brazilian culture, if you are single you are expected to kiss each person you are introduced to three times. This indicates you are not married. Jessica kissed Rodrigo only twice, which was a signal to Rodrigo that she was married. Married women/men only greet people with two kisses. Tell Jessica how customs and cultural cues may affect munication. Email 2 She did not take into account that physical contact between the Chinese is not accepted, especially in public. She had embarrassed her instructors by hugging them and placed them in an awkward position. Her gesture (touching the instructors) was very inappropriate. Although in the . hugs are generally weled, in China they are definitely not. Physical contact is kept at a minimum, especially between foreigners and older Chinese citizens, particularly teachers.Email 3 Smiling and being friendly to strangers is a huge USAmerican cultural characteristic. British people are, very often, distant to plete strangers and consider others who smile randomly at people they don’t know as rather odd.Email 4 Although in most cultures, we nod for “yes”, and we shake heads when conveying a negative opinion. However, in Bulgaria when people mean “yes” they shake their head and when they mean “no”, they nod.Section D Case StudiesCase 1 “Is He Sure?” I’m Not SureExplanation Rana, in this case, feels puzzled for two reasons. First, she is not sure of the true meaning and opinions of her colleagues in Stockholm, even if she has no difficulty conversing with them verbally. Second, she is used to talking with gestures and rich facial expressions, thus conversation with her colleagues which lacks such body languages and facial expressions makes her feel less enthusiastic. We may in part agree with Rana when she wonders what does her boss really mean. Most frequently, we conduct a judgment not only on verbal information, but on an evaluation of intonation, facial expressions, gestures, arm movement, eye contact, and personal distance. In short, we gauge by nonverbal signals, or the silent language. This is a typical case of munication frustration or failure caused by the lack of nonverbal cues.Case 2 Monochronic Americans and Polychronic MexicansExplanationThe American telemunication pany, technically superior and working with high efficiency, fails to get the order. It is a fine example to show how an international pany should take any detailed nonverbal culture information into consideration when making decisions. America and Latin America have different orientation towards time, as a result, what are highly rewarded in one culture may not work well in another culture. Contrary to the American tele pany who provided a seemingly efficient and tight oneday agenda, the French delegation, just prepared a loose and open twoweek agenda without any definite and detailed plan. Despite the fact that the American pany may introduce to them a technologically superior product, the Mexican chose to extend their wele to the French pan